Raghid Kikano1, Charlotte Charbel1, Chahine Assi2,3, Kaissar Yammine4,5. 1. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon. 2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon. 3. Center for Evidence-Based Anatomy, Sport and Orthopedics Research, Beirut, Lebanon. 4. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon. cesaryam@gmail.com. 5. Center for Evidence-Based Anatomy, Sport and Orthopedics Research, Beirut, Lebanon. cesaryam@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The palmaris longus (PL) tendon present a high degree of variations; the commonest is its absence which could reach more than 40% in some populations. The PL tendon is highly relevant in hand reconstructive surgery; however, MRI variations of PL tendon have been exceptionally reported. To this, this study investigated PL tendon variations using MRI in a Lebanese population. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of distal forearm MRI examinations to evaluate the presence, anatomical variations and morphometric of PL tendon. The outcomes were set as overall frequency, gender-based and side-base frequencies, correlations between prevalence and gender/side, morphological variants, thickness, and width of PL tendon. RESULTS: The sample comprised 335 patients including a total of 339 MRI scans. The PL was present in 221 wrists (65.2%), and bilaterally in only one (25%) out of the 4 bilateral cases. All PL were located using the Axial T1 views. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed no correlation with side, gender, or Tesla power. The only morphological variation was a reversed PL in 2 cases (0.6%). The mean width was 4.24 ± 1.2 mm. The mean thickness was 2.75 ± 0.6 mm. CONCLUSION: As far as we know, this is the first study to report the total array of variations of PL tendon using MRI, and its prevalence in a Lebanese population. The mean width of PL tendon calculated with high quality MR imaging was found to be similar to that reported by cadaveric studies.
PURPOSE: The palmaris longus (PL) tendon present a high degree of variations; the commonest is its absence which could reach more than 40% in some populations. The PL tendon is highly relevant in hand reconstructive surgery; however, MRI variations of PL tendon have been exceptionally reported. To this, this study investigated PL tendon variations using MRI in a Lebanese population. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of distal forearm MRI examinations to evaluate the presence, anatomical variations and morphometric of PL tendon. The outcomes were set as overall frequency, gender-based and side-base frequencies, correlations between prevalence and gender/side, morphological variants, thickness, and width of PL tendon. RESULTS: The sample comprised 335 patients including a total of 339 MRI scans. The PL was present in 221 wrists (65.2%), and bilaterally in only one (25%) out of the 4 bilateral cases. All PL were located using the Axial T1 views. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed no correlation with side, gender, or Tesla power. The only morphological variation was a reversed PL in 2 cases (0.6%). The mean width was 4.24 ± 1.2 mm. The mean thickness was 2.75 ± 0.6 mm. CONCLUSION: As far as we know, this is the first study to report the total array of variations of PL tendon using MRI, and its prevalence in a Lebanese population. The mean width of PL tendon calculated with high quality MR imaging was found to be similar to that reported by cadaveric studies.
Entities:
Keywords:
Anatomic variation; Magnetic resonance imaging; Palmaris longus
Authors: Przemysław A Pękala; Brandon Michael Henry; Jakub R Pękala; Bendik Skinningsrud; Jerzy A Walocha; Mariusz Bonczar; Krzysztof A Tomaszewski Journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg Date: 2017-08-26 Impact factor: 2.740