Ragnheidur Valdimarsdottir1, Anna-Karin Wikström2, Theodora Kunovac Kallak2, Evangelia Elenis2, Ove Axelsson3, Hubert Preissl4, S J Kumari A Ubhayasekera5, Jonas Bergquist5, Inger Sundström Poromaa2. 1. Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden. Electronic address: ragnheidur.valdimarsdottir@kbh.uu.se. 2. Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden. 3. Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden; Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden. 4. Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 5. Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden.
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION: Do women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have higher testosterone levels during pregnancy and what role does high testosterone play in the development of obstetric complications? DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study from Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. The study population consisted of women with PCOS (n = 159) and a comparison group of women without PCOS matched for body mass index (n = 320). Plasma testosterone levels were measured in the early second trimester by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and women with PCOS were grouped into tertiles according to their testosterone levels. Possible associations with obstetric complications, maternal metabolic factors and offspring birth weight were explored by multivariable logistic and linear regression models. RESULTS: Compared with women who do not have PCOS, women with PCOS had higher total testosterone (median 1.94, interquartile range [IQR] 1.21-2.64 versus 1.41, IQR 0.89-1.97; P < 0.001), and free androgen index (median 0.25, IQR 0.15-0.36 versus 0.18, IQR 0.11-0.28; P < 0.001). Women with PCOS who had the highest levels of testosterone had increased risk for preeclampsia, even when adjusted for age, parity, country of birth and smoking (adjusted OR 6.16, 95% CI 1.82 to 20.91). No association was found between high testosterone in women with PCOS and other obstetric complications. CONCLUSIONS: Women with PCOS have higher levels of total testosterone and free androgen index during pregnancy than women without PCOS matched for body mass index. Preliminary evidence shows that women with PCOS and the highest maternal testosterone levels in early second trimester had the highest risk of developing preeclampsia. This finding, however, is driven by a limited number of cases and should be interpreted with caution.
RESEARCH QUESTION: Do women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have higher testosterone levels during pregnancy and what role does high testosterone play in the development of obstetric complications? DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study from Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. The study population consisted of women with PCOS (n = 159) and a comparison group of women without PCOS matched for body mass index (n = 320). Plasma testosterone levels were measured in the early second trimester by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and women with PCOS were grouped into tertiles according to their testosterone levels. Possible associations with obstetric complications, maternal metabolic factors and offspring birth weight were explored by multivariable logistic and linear regression models. RESULTS: Compared with women who do not have PCOS, women with PCOS had higher total testosterone (median 1.94, interquartile range [IQR] 1.21-2.64 versus 1.41, IQR 0.89-1.97; P < 0.001), and free androgen index (median 0.25, IQR 0.15-0.36 versus 0.18, IQR 0.11-0.28; P < 0.001). Women with PCOS who had the highest levels of testosterone had increased risk for preeclampsia, even when adjusted for age, parity, country of birth and smoking (adjusted OR 6.16, 95% CI 1.82 to 20.91). No association was found between high testosterone in women with PCOS and other obstetric complications. CONCLUSIONS:Women with PCOS have higher levels of total testosterone and free androgen index during pregnancy than women without PCOS matched for body mass index. Preliminary evidence shows that women with PCOS and the highest maternal testosterone levels in early second trimester had the highest risk of developing preeclampsia. This finding, however, is driven by a limited number of cases and should be interpreted with caution.