Kun Ye1, Fen Tang2, Xin Liao3, Benjamin A Shaw4, Meiqiu Deng1, Guangyi Huang2, Zhiqiang Qin5, Xiaomei Peng1, Hewei Xiao3, Chunxia Chen6, Xiaochun Liu7, Leping Ning7, Bangqin Wang8, Ningning Tang2, Min Li2, Fan Xu2, Shao Lin9, Jianrong Yang10. 1. Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China. 3. Department of Scientific Research, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China. 4. Department of Health Policy, Management, and Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA. 5. Department of Pneumology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China. 6. Department of High-pressure Oxygen, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China. 7. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China. 8. Department of Medical Affairs, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China. 9. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA. 10. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: As effective medication to treat COVID-19 is currently unavailable, preventive remedies may be particularly important. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level and COVID-19 infection, its severity, and its clinical case characteristics. METHODS: This case-control study compared serum 25(OH)D levels and rates of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) between 80 healthy controls and 62 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to Guangxi People's Hospital, China, 2/16/2020-3/16/2020. Cases were categorized into asymptomatic, mild/moderate, and severe/critical disease. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between 25(OH)D level, or VDD, and case status/severity of COVID-19 while controlling for demographics and comorbidities. A threshold level of vitamin D for conveying COVID-19 risk was estimated. RESULTS: Severe/critical COVID-19 cases were significantly older and had higher percentages of comorbidity (renal failure) compared to mild cases. The serum 25(OH)D concentration in COVID-19 patient was much lower than that in healthy control. And 25(OH)D level was the lowest in severe/critical cases, compared with mild cases. In further, significantly higher rates of VDD were found in COVID-19 cases (41.9%) compared to healthy controls (11.1%). And VDD was the greatest in severe/critical cases (80%), compared with mild cases (36%). These statistically significant associations remained even after controlling for demographics and comorbidities. A potential threshold of 25(OH)D (41.19 nmol/L) to protect against COVID-19 was identified. CONCLUSION: Elderly and people with comorbidities were susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection. VDD was a risk factor for COVID-19, especially for severe/critical cases. While further confirmation is needed, vitamin D supplementation may have prevention or treatment potential for COVID-19 disease.
BACKGROUND: As effective medication to treat COVID-19 is currently unavailable, preventive remedies may be particularly important. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level and COVID-19 infection, its severity, and its clinical case characteristics. METHODS: This case-control study compared serum 25(OH)D levels and rates of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) between 80 healthy controls and 62 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to Guangxi People's Hospital, China, 2/16/2020-3/16/2020. Cases were categorized into asymptomatic, mild/moderate, and severe/critical disease. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between 25(OH)D level, or VDD, and case status/severity of COVID-19 while controlling for demographics and comorbidities. A threshold level of vitamin D for conveying COVID-19 risk was estimated. RESULTS: Severe/critical COVID-19 cases were significantly older and had higher percentages of comorbidity (renal failure) compared to mild cases. The serum 25(OH)D concentration in COVID-19 patient was much lower than that in healthy control. And 25(OH)D level was the lowest in severe/critical cases, compared with mild cases. In further, significantly higher rates of VDD were found in COVID-19 cases (41.9%) compared to healthy controls (11.1%). And VDD was the greatest in severe/critical cases (80%), compared with mild cases (36%). These statistically significant associations remained even after controlling for demographics and comorbidities. A potential threshold of 25(OH)D (41.19 nmol/L) to protect against COVID-19 was identified. CONCLUSION: Elderly and people with comorbidities were susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection. VDD was a risk factor for COVID-19, especially for severe/critical cases. While further confirmation is needed, vitamin D supplementation may have prevention or treatment potential for COVID-19 disease.
Entities:
Keywords:
COVID-19; risk factor; severity; vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Francisco Javier Turrubiates-Hernández; Gabriela Athziri Sánchez-Zuno; Guillermo González-Estevez; Jorge Hernández-Bello; Gabriela Macedo-Ojeda; José Francisco Muñoz-Valle Journal: Int J Mol Med Date: 2021-02-04 Impact factor: 4.101
Authors: Andrea Crafa; Rossella Cannarella; Rosita A Condorelli; Laura M Mongioì; Federica Barbagallo; Antonio Aversa; Sandro La Vignera; Aldo E Calogero Journal: EClinicalMedicine Date: 2021-06-18