Abhinav Sood1, Andrew Toth2, Mouin Abdallah3, Marc Gillinov4, Desai Milind3, Klein Allan3, Kanj Mohamed3, David Majdalany5. 1. Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York. 2. Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland. 3. Division of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland. 4. Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic. 5. Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona.
Abstract
AIMS: Post cardiac surgery atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common, with adverse implications. However, relatively little is known regarding the time varying nature of risk factors associated with POAF. We describe variation in POAF along with its associated risk factors. METHODS: Medical records of adult patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery from 2003-13, without a history of pre-operative AF were analyzed retrospectively. POAF was adjudicated using inpatient and outpatient electrocardiograms (EKG). Risk of AF over time along with time-varying risk factors were estimated using multiphase non-linear logistic mixed effects model. RESULTS: 10,461 patients with 100,149 EKGs were analyzed [median follow-up 4 months (IQR 48 hours-2 years)]. AF prevalence changed with time since surgery and two distinct phases were identified. Prevalence peaked to 13% at 2 weeks (early phase) and 9% near 7 years post-operatively (late phase). Older age, greater severity of preoperative tricuspid valve (TV) regurgitation, mitral valve replacement and prior cardiac surgery were time-independent risk factors for POAF. TV repair was associated with a decreased risk of early phase POAF. Pre-operative blood urea nitrogen, peripheral vascular disease and hypertension were associated with a higher risk of late phase POAF. CONCLUSIONS: POAF risk shows two distinct phases with an early peak and a late gradual rise, each associated with a different set of risk factors.
AIMS: Post cardiac surgery atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common, with adverse implications. However, relatively little is known regarding the time varying nature of risk factors associated with POAF. We describe variation in POAF along with its associated risk factors. METHODS: Medical records of adult patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery from 2003-13, without a history of pre-operative AF were analyzed retrospectively. POAF was adjudicated using inpatient and outpatient electrocardiograms (EKG). Risk of AF over time along with time-varying risk factors were estimated using multiphase non-linear logistic mixed effects model. RESULTS: 10,461 patients with 100,149 EKGs were analyzed [median follow-up 4 months (IQR 48 hours-2 years)]. AF prevalence changed with time since surgery and two distinct phases were identified. Prevalence peaked to 13% at 2 weeks (early phase) and 9% near 7 years post-operatively (late phase). Older age, greater severity of preoperative tricuspid valve (TV) regurgitation, mitral valve replacement and prior cardiac surgery were time-independent risk factors for POAF. TV repair was associated with a decreased risk of early phase POAF. Pre-operative blood urea nitrogen, peripheral vascular disease and hypertension were associated with a higher risk of late phase POAF. CONCLUSIONS: POAF risk shows two distinct phases with an early peak and a late gradual rise, each associated with a different set of risk factors.
Entities:
Keywords:
Atrial fibrillation; Post-operative atrial fibrillation; Time varying risk; Valvular heart surgery
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