R J Schlosser1, T L Smith2, J C Mace2, J A Alt3, D M Beswick4, J L Mattos5, V Ramakrishnan4, C Massey4, Z M Soler1. 1. Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. 2. Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Oregon Health Services University, Portland, OR, USA. 3. University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. 4. University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA. 5. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains quite challenging. Instruments to precisely assess olfactory cleft anatomy and their association with olfaction are needed. METHODS: The olfactory cleft endoscopy scale (OCES) was used to assess the olfactory cleft in healthy control subjects and a cohort of patients with CRS. Psychophysical and psychosocial olfactory function were assessed and correlations with OCES scores were measured. RESULTS: Control subjects and subjects with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) were enrol- led. OCES correlated with both psychophysical and psychosocial olfaction, as measured by threshold, discrimination and identi- fication (TDI) scores and Questionnaire on Olfactory Disorders (QOD-NS) scores for all case and control subjects combined. OCES improved in both CRS groups postoperatively with the highest correlation seen in postoperative olfaction in CRSwNP patients. CRS patients who achieve near perfect OCES and sinus endoscopy scores after surgery have olfactory metrics that are indistin- guishable from controls regardless of polyp status. CONCLUSIONS: The OCES is a valid olfactory-specific measure that demonstrates strong validity and provides complimentary infor- mation to traditional sinus endoscopy to aid in our understanding of OD associated with CRS.
BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains quite challenging. Instruments to precisely assess olfactory cleft anatomy and their association with olfaction are needed. METHODS: The olfactory cleft endoscopy scale (OCES) was used to assess the olfactory cleft in healthy control subjects and a cohort of patients with CRS. Psychophysical and psychosocial olfactory function were assessed and correlations with OCES scores were measured. RESULTS: Control subjects and subjects with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) were enrol- led. OCES correlated with both psychophysical and psychosocial olfaction, as measured by threshold, discrimination and identi- fication (TDI) scores and Questionnaire on Olfactory Disorders (QOD-NS) scores for all case and control subjects combined. OCES improved in both CRS groups postoperatively with the highest correlation seen in postoperative olfaction in CRSwNP patients. CRS patients who achieve near perfect OCES and sinus endoscopy scores after surgery have olfactory metrics that are indistin- guishable from controls regardless of polyp status. CONCLUSIONS: The OCES is a valid olfactory-specific measure that demonstrates strong validity and provides complimentary infor- mation to traditional sinus endoscopy to aid in our understanding of OD associated with CRS.
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