Evaluation of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance based sensor modified by uric acid-imprinted polypyrrole.

Uric acid-imprinted polypyrrole-based (MIP(UA)-Ppy) electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance sensor (EQCM) was developed. Experiments and theoretical calculations were focused on molecular interactions between uric acid molecule and: i) polypyrrole imprinted by uric acid (MIP(UA)-Ppy) ii) polypyrrole film without any molecular imprints (NIP-Ppy). Resonant frequency differences during electrochemical deposition of MIP(UA)-Ppy and NIP-Ppy films were observed and were attributed to the phenomenon of molecule capture within formed Ppy matrix. EQCM-resonators modified by MIP-Ppy showed the following advantages: selectivity, qualitative response, cost-effectiveness, and simple procedure. The selectivity of MIP(UA)-Ppy was tested by the replacement of uric acid in the PBS solution with several different concentrations of caffeine and glucose. Langmuir isotherm based molecular adsorption model was applied to evaluate the interaction of MIP(UA)-Ppy with uric acid. From experimental results calculated the standard Gibbs free energy of association (ΔGa) of uric acid with MIP(UA)-Ppy is -16.4 ± 2.05 kJ/mol and with NIP-Ppy is -13.3 ± 8.56 kJ/mol ΔG values illustrate that the formation of uric acid complex with MIP(UA)-Ppy is thermodynamically more favourable than that for complexation with NIP-Ppy.