| Literature DB >> 32905019 |
S Zerwes1, M Steinbauer2, Y Gosslau1, T Warm1, A Hyhlik-Dürr1.
Abstract
While the COVID-19 syndrome triggered by the SARS CoV‑2 was initially seen predominantly as a pulmonary disease, the number of reports of vascular complications has recently increased. The aim of the present review article is to summarize the most relevant vascular complications in COVID-19 patients. These include venous and arterial thromboembolic events as well as local thromboses, which can form directly on the endothelium at the site of cytokine release. A generalized coagulopathy also appears to promote this thrombogenic condition. With a rate of approximately 20%, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg is one of the most common thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care treatment. In addition, arterial events, such as stroke or acute coronary syndrome were also observed in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing vascular disease. Children rarely have vascular complications, but a systemic immune response similar to the Kawasaki syndrome and toxic shock syndrome has been reported. According to current data, the risk of thromboembolic events in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is significantly increased, making thrombosis prophylaxis with low molecular weight or unfractionated heparin necessary. If pharmaceutical thrombosis prophylaxis is contraindicated, intermittent pneumatic compression should be used. In addition, in patients admitted to the hospital with suspected or proven SARS-CoV‑2 infection, the determination of D‑dimers and, in the case of positive results, broad indication for compression sonography of the deep leg veins are recommended. This allows to detect and treat DVT at an early stage. The treatment of thromboses should be carried out according to current guidelines with therapeutic anticoagulation. Further studies and registries are needed to improve the understanding of the relationship between COVID-19 infection and the occurrence of thromboembolic events. © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2020.Entities:
Keywords: COVID-19 disease; SARS-COV‑2 virus; Thromboembolic complications; Vascular disease and COVID-19; Virus induced thromboembolic complications
Year: 2020 PMID: 32905019 PMCID: PMC7462439 DOI: 10.1007/s00772-020-00687-4
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Gefasschirurgie ISSN: 0948-7034
| Studie | Häufigkeiten a | Kumulative Inzidenz | Mittlerer Nachbeobachtungszeitraum | Kommentare |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leonard-Lorant et al. [ | 32/106 (30 %) | NA | NA | 24/32 (75 %) der Patienten mit LAE waren ICU-Patienten |
| Nur LAE | ||||
| Grillet et al. [ | 23/100 (23 %) | NA | NA | Normalstation: 6/61 (10 %) |
| Nur LAE | ICU: 17/39 (44 %) | |||
| Poissy et al. [ | 22/107 (21 %) | 21 % | 6 Tage | Nur ICU-Patienten |
| Nur LAE | Berechnet am 15. ICU-Tag | |||
| Klok et al. [ | 68/184 (37 %) | 57 % | 14 Tage | Nur ICU-Patienten |
| 19 LAE in peripheren Lungenarterien | ||||
| 65/68 (96 %) venöse thrombembolische Ereignisse waren LAE | ||||
Middeldorp et al. [ | 33/198 (17 %) | 15 % nach 7 Tagen | 5 Tage | Normalstation: 4/123 (3 %) |
| 34 % nach 14 Tagen | ICU: 35/75 (47 %) | |||
| 11 (5 %) Thromben wurden mittels Ultraschall detektiert | ||||
| 11/33 (33 %) hatten eine LAE | ||||
| Helms et al. [ | 27/150 (18 %) | NA | NA | ICU-Patienten mit einem ARDS |
| 25/27 (93 %) hatten eine LAE | ||||
| Llitjos et al. [ | TVT: 18/26 (69 %) | NA | NA | Nur ICU-Patienten |
| LAE: 6/26 (23 %) | Systematisches Ultraschallscreening | |||
| Lodigiani et al. [ | 29/362 (8 %) | 11 % (ohne Zeitangabe) | 10 Tage | ICU 10/61 (17 %) |
| (ICU 28 % vs. Normalstation 7 %) | Normalstation 19/314 (6 %) | |||
| Thomas et al. [ | 6/63 (9 %) | 27 % | 8 Tage | Nur ICU-Patienten |
| Cui et al. [ | 20/81 (25 %) | NA | NA | Nur ICU-Patienten |
| Zerwes et al. [ | TVT: 4/20 (20 %) | NA | NA | Nur ICU-Patienten |
NA nicht angegeben, TVT Tiefe Beinvenenthrombose, LAE Lungenarterienembolie, ICU „intensive care unit“
aHäufigkeiten bezieht sich auf die Anzahl an Patienten, nicht die individuelle Zahl an thrombotischen Ereignissen