Ella J Baker1, Carina A Valenzuela1,2, Wies T M van Dooremalen1, Leyre Martínez-Fernández1,3, Parveen Yaqoob4, Elizabeth A Miles1, Philip C Calder1,5. 1. Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. 2. Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Nutrition, University of Valparaíso, Playa Ancha, 850, Valparaíso, Chile. 3. Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. 4. School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK. 5. NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
Abstract
SCOPE: Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) from oily fish reduce cardiovascular disease. This may be partly due to modulation of endothelial cell (EC) inflammation. Fish stocks are declining and there is a need for sustainable alternative FAs. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and pinolenic acid (PLA) are plant-derived FAs, which can fulfil this role. METHODS AND RESULTS: EA.hy926 cells are exposed GLA and PLA prior to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. GLA and PLA are incorporated into ECs, resulting in increases in long-chain derivatives produced by elongase 5, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), and eicosatrienoic acid (ETA). Both GLA and PLA (50 µm) decrease production of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). However, decreases in these mediators are not seen after pre-treatment with GLA or PLA in elongase 5 silenced EA.hy926 cells. DGLA and ETA (10 µm) decrease EC production of sICAM-1, MCP-1, RANTES, and IL-6. All FAs reduce adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to EA.hy926 cells. Both PLA (50 µm) and ETA (10 µm) decrease NFκBp65 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: These effects suggest potential for GLA, PLA and their long-chain derivatives, DGLA and ETA, as sustainable anti-inflammatory alternatives to fish-derived FAs.
SCOPE: Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) from oily fish reduce cardiovascular disease. This may be partly due to modulation of endothelial cell (EC) inflammation. Fish stocks are declining and there is a need for sustainable alternative FAs. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and pinolenic acid (PLA) are plant-derived FAs, which can fulfil this role. METHODS AND RESULTS:EA.hy926 cells are exposed GLA and PLA prior to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. GLA and PLA are incorporated into ECs, resulting in increases in long-chain derivatives produced by elongase 5, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), and eicosatrienoic acid (ETA). Both GLA and PLA (50 µm) decrease production of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). However, decreases in these mediators are not seen after pre-treatment with GLA or PLA in elongase 5 silenced EA.hy926 cells. DGLA and ETA (10 µm) decrease EC production of sICAM-1, MCP-1, RANTES, and IL-6. All FAs reduce adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to EA.hy926 cells. Both PLA (50 µm) and ETA (10 µm) decrease NFκBp65 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: These effects suggest potential for GLA, PLA and their long-chain derivatives, DGLA and ETA, as sustainable anti-inflammatory alternatives to fish-derived FAs.
Authors: Sophia Stromberg; Bridget A Baxter; Gregory Dooley; Stephanie M LaVergne; Emily Gallichotte; Taru Dutt; Madison Tipton; Kailey Berry; Jared Haberman; Nicole Natter; Tracy L Webb; Kim McFann; Marcela Henao-Tamayo; Greg Ebel; Sangeeta Rao; Julie Dunn; Elizabeth P Ryan Journal: Front Nutr Date: 2022-09-14
Authors: Mohamed Emam; Khalil Eslamloo; Albert Caballero-Solares; Evandro Kleber Lorenz; Xi Xue; Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan; Hajarooba Gnanagobal; Javier Santander; Richard G Taylor; Rachel Balder; Christopher C Parrish; Matthew L Rise Journal: Front Mol Biosci Date: 2022-09-21