Microbial transformation of the antihistaminic drug triprolidine hydrochloride.

The production of a known mammalian metabolite of the antihistamine triprolidine through fungal metabolic transformation has been demonstrated. The filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9245 was grown in Sabouraud dextrose broth containing triprolidine hydrochloride monohydrate. One major metabolite was extracted with methylene chloride, isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and identified by its proton-nuclear magnetic resonance and desorption chemical ionization mass spectral properties as hydroxymethyl triprolidine (2-[1-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl-1-propenyl)] pyridine). After 240 h of incubation, the hydroxymethyl derivative represented approximately 55.0% of the initial dose. Fungal oxidation of hydroxymethyl triprolidine to the corresponding carboxylic acid triprolidine derivative (also a known mammalian triprolidine metabolite) was not observed. No mutagenic activity was observed for triprolidine and hydroxymethyl triprolidine by reversion of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA104 at concentrations up to 1000 and 200 micrograms/plate, respectively. These results suggest that the fungal metabolism of triprolidine to the hydroxymethyl derivative occurs predominantly through pathways which do not result in mutagenic activation. Incubation of C. elegans with triprolidine under an 18O2 atmosphere and subsequent electron impact mass spectral analysis of the hydroxymethyl triprolidine formed indicate that molecular oxygen was incorporated into the methyl group and suggest a mono-oxygenase catalyzed reaction. This study parallels previous studies on the mammalian metabolism of triprolidine and clearly indicates that the microbial transformation of triprolidine is a useful alternative for the synthesis of potential mammalian metabolites.