Amy Peacock1,2, Lucy Thi Tran1, Sarah Larney1,3, Emily Stockings1, Thomas Santo1, Hayley Jones4, Damian Santomauro5,6, Louisa Degenhardt1. 1. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 2. School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. 3. Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Canada. 4. Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 5. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research and School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 6. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, WA, USA.
Abstract
AIMS: To estimate pooled all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk for people with regular or problematic cocaine use. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective or retrospective cohort studies or clinical trials (n ≥30) of people with regular or problematic cocaine use with data on all-cause or cause-specific mortality. Of 2808 papers, 28 were eligible and reported on 21 cohorts, with a total 170 019 individuals. Cohorts identified based on acute care for drug poisoning or other severe health presentation were excluded. Title/abstract screening was conducted by one reviewer; a second reviewer independently checked 10% of excluded studies. Two reviewers conducted full-text screening. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second. A customized review-specific study reporting quality/risk of bias tool was used. Data on crude mortality rates (CMR) and standardized mortality ratios were extracted for both all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Standardized mortality ratios were imputed where not provided by the author using extracted data and information from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS: The pooled all-cause crude mortality rate was 1.24 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.86, 1.78; n = 16 cohorts], but with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 98.8%). The pooled all-cause standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 6.13 (95% CI = 4.15, 9.05; n = 16 cohorts). Suicide (SMR = 6.26, 95% CI = 2.84, 13.80), accidental injury (SMR = 6.36, 95% CI = 4.18, 9.68), homicide (SMR = 9.38, 95% CI 3.45-25.48) and AIDS-related mortality (SMR = 23.12, 95% CI = 11.30, 47.31) were all elevated compared with age and sex peers in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: There are elevated rates of mortality among people with regular or problematic cocaine use for traumatic deaths and deaths attributable to infectious disease.
AIMS: To estimate pooled all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk for people with regular or problematic cocaine use. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective or retrospective cohort studies or clinical trials (n ≥30) of people with regular or problematic cocaine use with data on all-cause or cause-specific mortality. Of 2808 papers, 28 were eligible and reported on 21 cohorts, with a total 170 019 individuals. Cohorts identified based on acute care for drug poisoning or other severe health presentation were excluded. Title/abstract screening was conducted by one reviewer; a second reviewer independently checked 10% of excluded studies. Two reviewers conducted full-text screening. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second. A customized review-specific study reporting quality/risk of bias tool was used. Data on crude mortality rates (CMR) and standardized mortality ratios were extracted for both all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Standardized mortality ratios were imputed where not provided by the author using extracted data and information from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS: The pooled all-cause crude mortality rate was 1.24 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.86, 1.78; n = 16 cohorts], but with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 98.8%). The pooled all-cause standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 6.13 (95% CI = 4.15, 9.05; n = 16 cohorts). Suicide (SMR = 6.26, 95% CI = 2.84, 13.80), accidental injury (SMR = 6.36, 95% CI = 4.18, 9.68), homicide (SMR = 9.38, 95% CI 3.45-25.48) and AIDS-related mortality (SMR = 23.12, 95% CI = 11.30, 47.31) were all elevated compared with age and sex peers in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: There are elevated rates of mortality among people with regular or problematic cocaine use for traumatic deaths and deaths attributable to infectious disease.
Authors: Gregorio Barrio; Gemma Molist; Luis de la Fuente; Fermín Fernández; Anna Guitart; María J Bravo; M Teresa Brugal Journal: Addict Behav Date: 2012-10-22 Impact factor: 3.913
Authors: M W Tyndall; K J Craib; S Currie; K Li; M V O'Shaughnessy; M T Schechter Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2001-12-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Bridget A Martell; Frank M Orson; James Poling; Ellen Mitchell; Roger D Rossen; Tracie Gardner; Thomas R Kosten Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2009-10
Authors: Ana Paula Souto Melo; Ilse N Dippenaar; Sarah Charlotte Johnson; Nicole Davis Weaver; Francisco de Assis Acurcio; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Antônio Luiz P Ribeiro; Augusto Afonso Guerra Júnior; Eve E Wool; Mohsen Naghavi; Mariangela Leal Cherchiglia Journal: Lancet Psychiatry Date: 2022-08-11 Impact factor: 77.056