BACKGROUND: Published studies indicate that primary cocaine users (PCUs) have a mortality rate 4-8 times higher than their age-sex peers in the general population. Most PCUs are primary intranasal cocaine users, never-injectors and never-opioid users (PICUNINOs) and are usually underrepresented in cohort mortality studies. The aim is to estimate excess mortality in all PCUs and in the subgroups of never-opioid users and PICUNINOs in Spain. METHODS: 714 PCUs aged 18-30 were street-recruited in 2004-2006 in Spain and followed until 2010 to ascertain vital status. Drug use was self-reported at baseline and 1-2years later. Mortality was compared with that of the general population using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). RESULTS: SMRs were 4.7 (95% CI: 2.4-9.0), 2.5 (95%CI: 0.8-7.8) and 3.1 (95% CI: 1.0-9.6), respectively, among all participants, never-opioid users and PICUNINOS when using only baseline data on drug use, and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.2-8.5) and 1.4 (95% CI: 0.2-9.9) among the latter two subgroups, when using baseline plus follow-up data. CONCLUSION: Short-term mortality in young Spanish PCUs is 5 times higher than in the general population. This excess mortality may largely be explained by a history of opioid use or the risk of starting such use.
BACKGROUND: Published studies indicate that primary cocaine users (PCUs) have a mortality rate 4-8 times higher than their age-sex peers in the general population. Most PCUs are primary intranasal cocaine users, never-injectors and never-opioid users (PICUNINOs) and are usually underrepresented in cohort mortality studies. The aim is to estimate excess mortality in all PCUs and in the subgroups of never-opioid users and PICUNINOs in Spain. METHODS: 714 PCUs aged 18-30 were street-recruited in 2004-2006 in Spain and followed until 2010 to ascertain vital status. Drug use was self-reported at baseline and 1-2years later. Mortality was compared with that of the general population using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). RESULTS: SMRs were 4.7 (95% CI: 2.4-9.0), 2.5 (95%CI: 0.8-7.8) and 3.1 (95% CI: 1.0-9.6), respectively, among all participants, never-opioid users and PICUNINOS when using only baseline data on drug use, and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.2-8.5) and 1.4 (95% CI: 0.2-9.9) among the latter two subgroups, when using baseline plus follow-up data. CONCLUSION: Short-term mortality in young Spanish PCUs is 5 times higher than in the general population. This excess mortality may largely be explained by a history of opioid use or the risk of starting such use.
Authors: Adriane M Dela Cruz; Thomas Carmody; Tracy L Greer; Chad D Rethorst; Diane Warden; Robrina Walker; Madhukar H Trivedi Journal: Am J Addict Date: 2016-03-15
Authors: Kenneth M Dürsteler; Eva-Maria Berger; Johannes Strasser; Carlo Caflisch; Jochen Mutschler; Marcus Herdener; Marc Vogel Journal: Subst Abuse Rehabil Date: 2015-06-17
Authors: Anna Hayden; Kanna Hayashi; Huiru Dong; Michael-John Milloy; Thomas Kerr; Julio S G Montaner; Evan Wood Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2014-11-06 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Robert W Aldridge; Alistair Story; Stephen W Hwang; Merete Nordentoft; Serena A Luchenski; Greg Hartwell; Emily J Tweed; Dan Lewer; Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi; Andrew C Hayward Journal: Lancet Date: 2017-11-12 Impact factor: 79.321