Yuni Choi1, Nicole Larson2, Daniel D Gallaher1, Andrew O Odegaard3, Jamal S Rana4,5, James M Shikany6, Lyn M Steffen2, David R Jacobs7. 1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN. 2. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN. 3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA. 4. Divisions of Cardiology and Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA. 5. Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. 6. Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. 7. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN jacob004@umn.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality and type 2 diabetes risk and change in body size. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective study conducted in the U.S. enrolled adults ages 18-30 years in 1985-1986 (examination year [Y0]) and followed them through 2015-2016. We analyzed the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality over 20 years (Y0-Y20) and diabetes (Y20-30; n = 2,534) and change (Y0-Y20 and Y20-30) in BMI, waist circumference (WC), and weight (n > 2,434). Plant-centered diet quality was measured using the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS); a higher score favors nutritionally rich plant foods. Cox regression models were used to assess diabetes risk, and linear regression models were used to examine change in body size. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 9.3 (± 1.7) years, 206 case subjects with incident diabetes were observed. In multivariable analysis, participants with the largest increase in APDQS over 20 years had a 48% (95% CI 0.31-0.85; P trend < 0.001) lower risk of diabetes over the subsequent 10 years compared with participants whose score remained stable. Each 1-SD increment in APDQS over 20 years was associated with lower gains in BMI (-0.39 kg/m2; SE 0.14; P = 0.004), WC (-0.90 cm; SE 0.27; P < 0.001) and weight (-1.14 kg; SE 0.33; P < 0.001) during the same period, but not with subsequent changes. CONCLUSIONS: Young adults who increased plant-centered diet quality had a lower diabetes risk and gained less weight by middle adulthood.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality and type 2 diabetes risk and change in body size. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective study conducted in the U.S. enrolled adults ages 18-30 years in 1985-1986 (examination year [Y0]) and followed them through 2015-2016. We analyzed the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality over 20 years (Y0-Y20) and diabetes (Y20-30; n = 2,534) and change (Y0-Y20 and Y20-30) in BMI, waist circumference (WC), and weight (n > 2,434). Plant-centered diet quality was measured using the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS); a higher score favors nutritionally rich plant foods. Cox regression models were used to assess diabetes risk, and linear regression models were used to examine change in body size. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 9.3 (± 1.7) years, 206 case subjects with incident diabetes were observed. In multivariable analysis, participants with the largest increase in APDQS over 20 years had a 48% (95% CI 0.31-0.85; P trend < 0.001) lower risk of diabetes over the subsequent 10 years compared with participants whose score remained stable. Each 1-SD increment in APDQS over 20 years was associated with lower gains in BMI (-0.39 kg/m2; SE 0.14; P = 0.004), WC (-0.90 cm; SE 0.27; P < 0.001) and weight (-1.14 kg; SE 0.33; P < 0.001) during the same period, but not with subsequent changes. CONCLUSIONS: Young adults who increased plant-centered diet quality had a lower diabetes risk and gained less weight by middle adulthood.
Authors: Femke P C Sijtsma; Katie A Meyer; Lyn M Steffen; James M Shikany; Linda Van Horn; Lisa Harnack; Daan Kromhout; David R Jacobs Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2012-02-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Ambika Satija; Vasanti Malik; Eric B Rimm; Frank Sacks; Walter Willett; Frank B Hu Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2019-09-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Michael S K Lockheart; Lyn M Steffen; Hege Møklebust Rebnord; Ragnhild Lekven Fimreite; Jetmund Ringstad; Dag S Thelle; Jan I Pedersen; David R Jacobs Journal: Br J Nutr Date: 2007-03-29 Impact factor: 3.718
Authors: A McDonald; L Van Horn; M Slattery; J Hilner; C Bragg; B Caan; D Jacobs; K Liu; H Hubert; N Gernhofer; E Betz; D Havlik Journal: J Am Diet Assoc Date: 1991-09
Authors: K Liu; M Slattery; D Jacobs; G Cutter; A McDonald; L Van Horn; J E Hilner; B Caan; C Bragg; A Dyer Journal: Ethn Dis Date: 1994 Impact factor: 1.847
Authors: Nazli Namazi; Neil R Brett; Nick Bellissimo; Bagher Larijani; Javad Heshmati; Leila Azadbakht Journal: Health Promot Perspect Date: 2019-08-06
Authors: EunSeok Cha; Francisco J Pasquel; Fengxia Yan; David R Jacobs; Sandra B Dunbar; Guillermo Umpierrez; Yuni Choi; James M Shikany; Michael P Bancks; Jared P Reis; Melissa Spezia Faulkner Journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract Date: 2021-11-11 Impact factor: 5.602
Authors: Ruixin Zhu; Mikael Fogelholm; Sally D Poppitt; Marta P Silvestre; Grith Møller; Maija Huttunen-Lenz; Gareth Stratton; Jouko Sundvall; Laura Råman; Elli Jalo; Moira A Taylor; Ian A Macdonald; Svetoslav Handjiev; Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska; J Alfredo Martinez; Roslyn Muirhead; Jennie Brand-Miller; Anne Raben Journal: Nutrients Date: 2021-11-01 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Meagan E Gray; Sejong Bae; Rekha Ramachandran; Nicholas Baldwin; Lisa B VanWagner; David R Jacobs; James G Terry; James M Shikany Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-02-18 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Donald M Lloyd-Jones; Cora E Lewis; Pamela J Schreiner; James M Shikany; Stephen Sidney; Jared P Reis Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2021-07-20 Impact factor: 27.203
Authors: Yuni Choi; Daniel D Gallaher; Karianne Svendsen; Katie A Meyer; Lyn M Steffen; Pamela J Schreiner; James M Shikany; Jamal S Rana; Daniel A Duprez; David R Jacobs Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-01-21 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Yuni Choi; Nicole Larson; Lyn M Steffen; Pamela J Schreiner; Daniel D Gallaher; Daniel A Duprez; James M Shikany; Jamal S Rana; David R Jacobs Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2021-08-04 Impact factor: 5.501