EunSeok Cha1, Francisco J Pasquel2, Fengxia Yan3, David R Jacobs4, Sandra B Dunbar5, Guillermo Umpierrez2, Yuni Choi4, James M Shikany6, Michael P Bancks7, Jared P Reis8, Melissa Spezia Faulkner9. 1. College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, USA. Electronic address: echa5@cnu.ac.kr. 2. School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA. 3. Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: fyan@msm.edu. 4. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 5. Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, USA. 6. Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA. 7. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. 8. Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. 9. Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA.
Abstract
AIMS: Differences in risk profiles for individuals with early- (<40 years old) vs. later-onset (≥40 years old) diabetes were examined. METHODS: A nested case-comparison study design using 30-year longitudinal data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study was used. Survey data (socio-demographics, family history, medical records, and lifestyle behaviors), obesity-related measures (body mass index, weight), blood pressure, and laboratory data (insulin, fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, and lipids) were used to examine progression patterns of diabetes development in those with early-onset vs. later-onset diabetes. RESULTS: Of 605 participants, 120 were in early-onset group while 485 were in later-onset group. Early-onset group had a lower A Priori Diet Quality Score, but not statistically significant at baseline; however, the between-group difference became significant at the time that diabetes was first detected (p = 0.026). The physical activity intensity score consistently decreased from baseline to the development of diabetes in both the early- and later-onset groups. Early-onset group showed more dyslipidemia at baseline and at the time that diabetes was first detected, and rapid weight gain from baseline to the development of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Emphases on lifestyle modification and risk-based diabetes screening in asymptomatic young adults are necessary for early detection and prevention.
AIMS: Differences in risk profiles for individuals with early- (<40 years old) vs. later-onset (≥40 years old) diabetes were examined. METHODS: A nested case-comparison study design using 30-year longitudinal data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study was used. Survey data (socio-demographics, family history, medical records, and lifestyle behaviors), obesity-related measures (body mass index, weight), blood pressure, and laboratory data (insulin, fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, and lipids) were used to examine progression patterns of diabetes development in those with early-onset vs. later-onset diabetes. RESULTS: Of 605 participants, 120 were in early-onset group while 485 were in later-onset group. Early-onset group had a lower A Priori Diet Quality Score, but not statistically significant at baseline; however, the between-group difference became significant at the time that diabetes was first detected (p = 0.026). The physical activity intensity score consistently decreased from baseline to the development of diabetes in both the early- and later-onset groups. Early-onset group showed more dyslipidemia at baseline and at the time that diabetes was first detected, and rapid weight gain from baseline to the development of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Emphases on lifestyle modification and risk-based diabetes screening in asymptomatic young adults are necessary for early detection and prevention.
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