Yijun Mo1, Lina Lin2, Zhixin Li3, Chenghua Zhong1, Jun Yan1, Jun Kuang1, Guoxiong Yang1, Jianhua Zhang1. 1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, China. 2. School of Nursing, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China. 3. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pneumonectomy and sleeve resection are routine operations for the treatment of central non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but some patients suffered of central NSCLC, whose pulmonary function is too poor to tolerate pneumonectomy, or the tumor involves the bronchus and pulmonary artery extensively,it is hard to perform bronchovascular sleeve lobectomy. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of lung autotransplantation in the treatment of central NSCLC. METHODS: The clinical data of 3 cases with central NSCLC treated by lung autotransplantation was reviewed from December 2016 to December 2018. One patient underwent double sleeve resection of left upper lobe with end-to-end anastomosis of the bronchus. Because the resection of the pulmonary artery was too long to perfrom a tension-free anastomosis, the inferior pulmonary vein was cut off, then the left lower lobe was moved up for an anastomosis of the inferior pulmonary vein and the stump of the superior pulmonary vein. In the other 2 cases, left pneumonectomy was performed directly, and the upper left lobe was excised in vitro. The lower left lobe was reset to the chest after trimming and flushing and then the bronchus, pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein were anastomosed in turn. RESULTS: The average operation time was 333 min, the average time of vascular occlusion was 86 min, the average blood loss was 450 mL, and the average hospital stay was 18.7 d; Perioperative complications included a case of bronchial obstruction, which improved after sputum aspiration through bronchofibroscope. The average follow-up period was 20 mon; One case died of cancer, one case had recurrence of anastomotic stoma and brain metastasis, one case had 4R lymph node metastasis (stable condition after chemotherapy), and one case survived without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with central NSCLC with extensive tumor invasion, thus inability to tolerate sleeve resection or pneumonectomy, autologous lung transplantation can preserve lung function to the greatest extent with a complete tumor resection and improve postoperative quality of life.
BACKGROUND: Pneumonectomy and sleeve resection are routine operations for the treatment of central non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but some patients suffered of central NSCLC, whose pulmonary function is too poor to tolerate pneumonectomy, or the tumor involves the bronchus and pulmonary artery extensively,it is hard to perform bronchovascular sleeve lobectomy. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of lung autotransplantation in the treatment of central NSCLC. METHODS: The clinical data of 3 cases with central NSCLC treated by lung autotransplantation was reviewed from December 2016 to December 2018. One patient underwent double sleeve resection of left upper lobe with end-to-end anastomosis of the bronchus. Because the resection of the pulmonary artery was too long to perfrom a tension-free anastomosis, the inferior pulmonary vein was cut off, then the left lower lobe was moved up for an anastomosis of the inferior pulmonary vein and the stump of the superior pulmonary vein. In the other 2 cases, left pneumonectomy was performed directly, and the upper left lobe was excised in vitro. The lower left lobe was reset to the chest after trimming and flushing and then the bronchus, pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein were anastomosed in turn. RESULTS: The average operation time was 333 min, the average time of vascular occlusion was 86 min, the average blood loss was 450 mL, and the average hospital stay was 18.7 d; Perioperative complications included a case of bronchial obstruction, which improved after sputum aspiration through bronchofibroscope. The average follow-up period was 20 mon; One case died of cancer, one case had recurrence of anastomotic stoma and brain metastasis, one case had 4R lymph node metastasis (stable condition after chemotherapy), and one case survived without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with central NSCLC with extensive tumor invasion, thus inability to tolerate sleeve resection or pneumonectomy, autologous lung transplantation can preserve lung function to the greatest extent with a complete tumor resection and improve postoperative quality of life.
Thoracic enhanced CT scanning. A: Pulmonary window: The left upper lobe atelectasis and consolidation, the left thoracic cavity reduction, because the left main bronchus blocked by tumor; B: Mediastinal window: The tumor surrounds the left pulmonary trunk. The tumor size is 53 mm×61 mm×65 mm; C: The sagittal reconstruction of the lung showed that the tumor invades the left pulmonary artery (as indicated by the white arrow); D: CT 3D reconstruction shows the left main bronchus broken (as indicated by the white arrow). CT: computed tomography.
胸部增强CT检查。A:肺窗, 左主支气管堵塞, 左肺上叶肺不张, 肺实变, 左侧胸腔缩小; B:纵隔窗, 肿瘤包绕左肺动脉干, 肿瘤61 mm×53 mm×65 mm; C:矢状面重建显示肿瘤侵犯肺动脉达斜裂水平(白色箭头所示); D:三维重建显示左主支气管折断(白色箭头所示)。Thoracic enhanced CT scanning. A: Pulmonary window: The left upper lobe atelectasis and consolidation, the left thoracic cavity reduction, because the left main bronchus blocked by tumor; B: Mediastinal window: The tumor surrounds the left pulmonary trunk. The tumor size is 53 mm×61 mm×65 mm; C: The sagittal reconstruction of the lung showed that the tumor invades the left pulmonary artery (as indicated by the white arrow); D: CT 3D reconstruction shows the left main bronchus broken (as indicated by the white arrow). CT: computed tomography.
Thoracic enhanced CT scanning. A: pulmonary window: The tumor is located in the center of the left upper lobe (as indicated by the white arrow); B: mediastinal window: The tumor was lobulated and invades the the left pulmonary artery (as indicated by the white arrow). The tumor size is 43 mm×37 mm×25 mm.
胸部增强CT检查。A:肺窗, 左肺上叶中央型肺癌, 肿瘤包绕肺动脉干(白色箭头所示); B:纵隔窗, 肿瘤呈分叶状, 包绕肺动脉干, 肿瘤43 mm×37 mm×25 mm(白色箭头所示)。Thoracic enhanced CT scanning. A: pulmonary window: The tumor is located in the center of the left upper lobe (as indicated by the white arrow); B: mediastinal window: The tumor was lobulated and invades the the left pulmonary artery (as indicated by the white arrow). The tumor size is 43 mm×37 mm×25 mm.病例2, 男, 63岁, 左肺上叶中央型肺癌, 术前强化CT检查显示肿瘤侵犯左肺动脉干(图 3A、图 3B), 肿瘤35 mm×21 mm×15 mm, 支气管镜检查见肿瘤堵塞左肺固有上叶支气管, 活检为鳞癌, 予GP方案(吉西他滨+顺铂)化疗1个周期, 疗效部分缓解(partial response, PR), 患者拒绝继续化疗, 迫切要求手术切除, 术前诊断左肺上叶中央型鳞癌cT4N0M0 IIIa期。2018年8月24日开胸探查, 术前规划实施左肺上叶双袖状切除, 术中分离肺动脉下切缘困难, 可能损伤下叶基底干, 另外需要切除的肺动脉长, 吻合口张力大, 根据我们以上两例自体肺移植的成功经验, 决定实施左全肺切除, 在体外分离肺动脉下切缘, 然后再移植左肺下叶, 手术过程同上例, 手术时间285 min, 血流阻断67 min, 术中出血450 mL, 术后病理为中分化鳞状细胞癌, 支气管残端无癌组织残留, 淋巴结无癌转移(4L组:0/3, 5组:0/2, 7组:0/2, 9组:0/2, 10组:0/2), 术后第21天康复出院, 术后2个月复查CT见4R组淋巴结转移, 予GP方案辅助化疗2周期, 疗效疾病进展(progressive disease, PD), 改TP方案(紫杉醇+顺铂)化疗4个周期, 疗效疾病稳定(stable disease, SD), 随访18个月, 生活质量佳。
Thoracic enhanced CT scanning. A: pulmonary window: The tumor is located in the center of the left upper lobe (as indicated by the white arrow); B: Mediastinal window: The tumor invades the the left pulmonary artery, the tumor size is 35 mm×21 mm×15 mm (as indicated by the white arrow).
胸部增强CT检查。A:肺窗, 左肺上叶中央型肺癌(白色箭头所示); B:纵隔窗, 肿瘤侵犯肺动脉干, 肿瘤35 mm×21 mm×15 mm(白色箭头所示)。Thoracic enhanced CT scanning. A: pulmonary window: The tumor is located in the center of the left upper lobe (as indicated by the white arrow); B: Mediastinal window: The tumor invades the the left pulmonary artery, the tumor size is 35 mm×21 mm×15 mm (as indicated by the white arrow).
Authors: M Okada; N Tsubota; M Yoshimura; Y Miyamoto; H Matsuoka; S Satake; H Yamagishi Journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Date: 1999-10 Impact factor: 5.209