| Literature DB >> 32813760 |
Vanessa Damazio Teich1, Sidney Klajner1, Felipe Augusto Santiago de Almeida1, Anna Carolina Batista Dantas1, Claudia Regina Laselva1, Mariana Galvani Torritesi1, Tatiane Ramos Canero1, Otávio Berwanger1, Luiz Vicente Rizzo1, Eduardo Pontes Reis1, Miguel Cendoroglo Neto1.
Abstract
Objective This study describes epidemiological and clinical features of patients with confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2 diagnosed and treated at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , which admitted the first patients with this condition in Brazil. Methods In this retrospective, single-center study, we included all laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo, Brazil, from February until March 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data were analyzed. Results A total of 510 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in this study. Most patients were male (56.9%) with a mean age of 40 years. A history of a close contact with a positive/suspected case was reported by 61.1% of patients and 34.4% had a history of recent international travel. The most common symptoms upon presentation were fever (67.5%), nasal congestion (42.4%), cough (41.6%) and myalgia/arthralgia (36.3%). Chest computed tomography was performed in 78 (15.3%) patients, and 93.6% of those showed abnormal results. Hospitalization was required for 72 (14%) patients and 20 (27.8%) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Regarding clinical treatment, the most often used medicines were intravenous antibiotics (84.7%), chloroquine (45.8%) and oseltamivir (31.9%). Invasive mechanical ventilation was required by 65% of Intensive Care Unit patients. The mean length of stay was 9 days for all patients (22 and 7 days for patients requiring or not intensive care, respectively). Only one patient (1.38%) died during follow-up. Conclusion These results may be relevant for Brazil and other countries with similar characteristics, which are starting to deal with this pandemic.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2020 PMID: 32813760 PMCID: PMC7422909 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao6022
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Einstein (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 1679-4508
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics
| Characteristic | Total patients (n=510) | Total patients | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-hospitalized patients (n=438) | Hospitalized patients (n=72) | ||
| Age, years | |||
| Mean±SD | 39.9±13.6 | 38.6±12.5 | 51.8±15.32 |
| Median | 38.0 | 37.0 | 52.0 |
| Minimum-Maximum | 2-92 | 2-84 | 5-92 |
| Number of patients | 510 | 438 | 72 |
| Age distribution, years | |||
| 0-11 | 3/510 (0.6) | 2/438 (0.5) | 1/72 (1.4) |
| 12-49 | 400/510 (78.4) | 369/438 (84.2) | 31/72 (43.1) |
| 50-64 | 74/510 (14.5) | 49/438 (11.2) | 25/72 (34.7) |
| ≥65 | 33/510 (6.5) | 18/438 (4.1) | 15/72 (20.8) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 290/510 (56.9) | 267/438 (61.0) | 23/72 (31.9) |
| Female | 220/510 (43.1) | 171/438 (39.0) | 49/72 (68.1) |
| Travel history | |||
| European Union and United Kingdom | 48/264 (18.2) | 47/223 (21.1) | 1/41 (2.4) |
| United States of America and Canada | 29/264 (11.0) | 23/223 (10.3) | 6/41 (14.6) |
| Middle East and Iran | 3/264 (1.1) | 3/223 (1.3) | 0/41 (0.0) |
| China and Japan | 1/264 (0.4) | 1/223 (0.4) | 0/41 (0.0) |
| Latin America | 8/264 (3.0) | 8/223 (3.6) | 0/41 (0.0) |
| Other countries | 2/264 (0.8) | 2/223 (0.9) | 0/41 (0.0) |
| Bahia - Brazilian state | 15/264 (5.7) | 14/223 (6.3) | 1/41 (2.4) |
| No travel history | 158/264 (59.8) | 125/223 (56.1) | 33/41 (80.5) |
| Exposure (source of transmission – contact with confirmed or suspected cases) | |||
| Exposure | 184/301 (61.1) | 157/252 (62.3) | 27/49 (55.1) |
| No exposure | 117/301 (38.9) | 95/252 (37.7) | 22/49 (44.9) |
| Healthcare professional | |||
| Yes | 85/259 (32.8) | ||
| No | 174/259 (67.2) | ||
| Smoking history | |||
| Current smoker | 6/111 (5.4) | 5/89 (5.6) | 1/22 (4.5) |
| Former smoker | 15/111 (13.5) | 9/89 (10.1) | 6/22 (27.3) |
| Never smoked | 90/111 (81.1) | 75/89 (84.3) | 15/22 (68.2) |
| Fever on admission | |||
| Yes | 61/391 (15.6) | 46/322 (14.3) | 15/69 (21.7) |
| No | 330/391 (84.4) | 276/322 (85.7) | 54/69 (78.3) |
| Median | 36.8 | 36.7 | 36.8 |
| Temperature distribution on admission | |||
| <37.5°C | 296/392 (75.5) | 248/322 (77.0) | 48/70 (68.6) |
| 37.5-38°C | 54/392 (13.8) | 44/322 (13.7) | 10/70 (14.3) |
| 38.1-39°C | 40/392 (10.2) | 28/322 (8.7) | 12/70 (17.1) |
| >39°C | 2/392 (0.5) | 2/322 (0.6) | 0/70 (0.0) |
| Symptoms | |||
| Nasal congestion | 216/510 (42.4) | 200/438 (45.7) | 16/72 (22.2) |
| Headache | 121/510 (23.7) | 103/438 (23.5) | 18/72 (25.0) |
| Cough | 212/510 (41.6) | 195/438 (44.5) | 17/72 (23.6) |
| Sore throat | 141/510 (27.6) | 127/438 (29.0) | 14/72 (19.4) |
| Sputum production | 5/510 (1.0) | 3/438 (0.7) | 2/72 (2.8) |
| Fatigue | 69/510 (13.5) | 56/438 (12.8) | 13/72 (18.1) |
| Dyspnea | 40/510 (7.8) | 32/438 (7.3) | 8/72 (11.1) |
| Nausea or vomiting | 9/510 (1.8) | 6/438 (1.4) | 3/72 (4.2) |
| Diarrhea | 22/510 (4.3) | 20/438 (4.6) | 2/72 (2.8) |
| Myalgia or arthralgia | 185/510 (36.3) | 157/438 (35.8) | 28/72 (38.9) |
| Chills | 22/510 (4.3) | 21/438 (4.8) | 1/72 (1.4) |
| Fever | 344/510 (67.5) | 286/438 (65.3) | 58/72 (80.6) |
| Conjunctival congestion | 2/510 (0.4) | 2/438 (0.5) | 0/72 (0.0) |
| Other symptoms | 12/510 (2.4) | 10/438 (2.3) | 2/72 (2.8) |
| No symptoms | 18/510 (3.5) | 18/438 (4.1) | 0/72 (0.0) |
| Symptoms duration, days | |||
| Mean±SD | 2.8±2.2 | 2.6±2.1 | 3.9±2.7 |
| Median | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Minimum-Maximum | 1-15 | 1-15 | 1-12 |
| Signs of infection | |||
| Throat congestion | 85/484 (17.6) | 68/412 (16.5) | 17/72 (23.6) |
| Tonsil swelling | 7/484 (1.4) | 3/412 (0.7) | 4/72 (5.6) |
| Skin rash | 3/484 (0.6) | 2/412 (0.5) | 1/72 (1.4) |
| Other alterations | 35/484 (7.2) | 20/412 (4.9) | 15/72 (20.8) |
| No alterations | 390/484 (80.6) | 344/412 (83.5) | 46/72 (63.9) |
| Coexisting disorders | |||
| Any coexisting disorder | 101/501 (20.2) | 65/429 (15.2) | 36/72 (50.0) |
| Asthma or chronic pulmonary obstructive disorder | 15/501 (3.0) | 11/429 (2.6) | 4/72 (5.6) |
| Diabetes | 16/501 (3.2) | 6/429 (1.4) | 10/72 (13.9) |
| Hypertension | 41/501 (8.2) | 26/429 (6.1) | 15/72 (20.8) |
| Coronary heart disease or other heart conditions | 14/501 (2.8) | 6/429 (1.4) | 8/72 (11.1) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2/501 (0.4) | 0/429 (0.0) | 2/72 (2.8) |
| Hepatitis B, C, HIV or other immunodeficiency | 2/501 (0.4) | 1/429 (0.2) | 1/72 (1.4) |
| Cancer | 9/501 (1.8) | 4/429 (0.9) | 5/72 (6.9) |
| Chronic renal disease | 3/501 (0.6) | 1/429 (0.2) | 2/72 (2.8) |
| Organ transplant | 0/501 (0.0) | 0/429 (0.0) | 0/72 (0.0) |
| Pregnancy | 5/501 (1.0) | 5/429 (1.2) | 0/72 (0.0) |
| Other coexisting disorders | 37/501 (7.4) | 13/429 (3.0) | 24/72 (33.3) |
| No coexisting disorders | 400/501 (79.8) | 364/429 (84.8) | 36/72 (50.0) |
| Mean BMI±SD | 26.2±4.7 | 25.5±4.7 | 26.9±4.6 |
| Chronic-use medications | |||
| Any medication | 77/510 (15.1) | 43/438 (9.8) | 34/72 (47.2) |
| Statin | 20/510 (3.9) | 6/438 (1.4) | 14/72 (19.4) |
| Multivitamin | 3/510 (0.6) | 1/438 (0.2) | 2/72 (2.8) |
| Antidepressant | 16/510 (3.1) | 11/438 (2.5) | 5/72 (6.9) |
| Antihypertensive | 30/510 (5.9) | 12/438 (2.7) | 18/72 (25.0) |
| Antiplatelet or anticoagulant | 8/510 (1.6) | 3/438 (0.7) | 5/72 (6.9) |
| Thyroid hormones | 14/510 (2.7) | 6/438 (1.4) | 8/72 (11.1) |
| continue... | |||
| Antidiabetic | 16/510 (3.1) | 8/438 (1.8) | 8/72 (11.1) |
| Pain killers | 10/510 (2.0) | 5/438 (1.1) | 5/72 (6.9) |
| Antibiotics | 3/510 (0.6) | 2/438 (0.5) | 1/72 (1.4) |
| Corticosteroid | 3/510 (0.6) | 2/438 (0.5) | 1/72 (1.4) |
| Inhaled medications | 4/510 (0.8) | 3/438 (0.7) | 1/72 (1.4) |
| Other medications | 24/510 (4.7) | 11/438 (2.5) | 13/72 (18.1) |
| No use of medications | 433/510 (84.9) | 395/438 (90.2) | 38/72 (52.8) |
| Chronic-use medications, number of medications (distribution) | |||
| Only 1 type of medication | 31/77 (40.3) | 18/43 (41.9) | 13/34 (38.2) |
| 2 types of medications | 19/77 (24.7) | 15/43 (34.9) | 4/34 (11.8) |
| 3 types of medications | 13/77 (16.9) | 7/43 (16.3) | 6/34 (17.6) |
| 4 or more types of medications – polypharmacy | 14/77 (18.2) | 3/43 (7.0) | 11/34 (32.4) |
| ESI on arrival | |||
| 1 | 0/345 (0.0) | 0/276 (0.0) | 0/69 (0.0) |
| 2 | 20/345 (5.8) | 4/276 (1.4) | 16/69 (23.2) |
| 3 | 73/345 (21.2) | 59/276 (21.4) | 14/69 (20.3) |
| 4 | 250/345 (72.5) | 211/276 (76.4) | 39/69 (56.5) |
| 5 | 2/345 (0.6) | 2/276 (0.7) | 0/69 (0.0) |
| Destiny after first evaluation | |||
| Discharge to home | 442/496 (89.1) | ||
| Admission on general ward | 37/496 (7.5) | ||
| Admission on ICU | 17/496 (3.4) | ||
| Return to the emergency room after first evaluation | |||
| Sim | 82/370 (22.2) | ||
| Não | 288/370 (77.8) | ||
Results expressed by total n/n (%), if not otherwise indicated.
SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; ESI: Emergency Severity Index; ICU: intensive care unit.
Radiologic and laboratory findings
| Characteristics | Total number of patients (n=510) | Total number of patients | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-hospitalized patients (n=438) | Hospitalized patients (n=72) | ||
| Radiologic findings in chest radiograph | |||
| Chest radiograph performed | 37/510 (7.3) | 37/438 (8.4) | 0/72 (0.0) |
| Abnormalities on chest radiograph | 9/37 (24.3) | 9/37 (24.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Ground-glass opacity | 2/37 (5.4) | 2/37 (5.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Local patchy shadowing | 1/37 (2.7) | 1/37 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Bilateral patchy shadowing | 0/37 (0.0) | 0/37 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Interstitial abnormalities | 6/37 (16.2) | 6/37 (16.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Radiologic findings in chest CT | |||
| Chest CT performed | 78/510 (15.3) | 23/438 (5.3) | 55/72 (76.4) |
| Abnormalities on chest CT | 73/78 (93.6) | 20/23 (87.0) | 53/55 (96.4) |
| Ground glass opacity | 66/78 (84.6) | 17/23 (73.9) | 49/55 (89.1) |
| Local patchy shadowing | 2/78 (2.6) | 1/23 (4.3) | 1/55 (1.8) |
| Bilateral patchy shadowing | 62/78 (79.5) | 17/23 (73.9) | 45/55 (81.8) |
| Interstitial abnormalities | 37/78 (47.4) | 11/23 (47.8) | 26/55 (47.3) |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Median PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio (IQR) | 3.0 (1.3- 5.5) | ||
| White blood cell count | |||
| Median per mm 3 | 5.568 | 5.321 | 5.868 |
| Distribution per mm 3 | |||
| >10.000 | 6/135 (4.4) | 2/63 (3.2) | 4/72 (5.6) |
| <4.000 | 29/135 (21.5) | 14/63 (22.2) | 15/72 (20.8) |
| Lymphocyte count | |||
| Median per mm 3 | 1.213 | 1.242 | 1.178 |
| Distribution <1.500 per mm 3 | 103/135 (76.3) | 53/63 (84.1) | 50/72 (69.4) |
| Platelet count | |||
| Median per mm 3 | 189.155 | 189.918 | 188.229 |
| Distribution <150.000 per mm 3 | 35/135 (25.9) | 16/63 (25.4) | 19/72 (26.4) |
| Median hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.29 | 14.47 | 14.07 |
| Distribution of other findings | |||
| C-reactive protein >5mg/L | 91/122 (74.6) | 35/62 (56.5) | 56/60 (93.3) |
| Procalcitonin >0.5ng/mL | 3/15 (20.0) | 0/3 (0.0) | 3/12 (25.0) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase >214U/L | 40/70 (57.1) | 9/24 (37.5) | 31/46 (67.4) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase >40U/L | 15/75 (20.0) | 5/27 (18.5) | 10/48 (20.8) |
| Alanine aminotransferase >40U/L | 19/75 (25.3) | 7/27 (25.9) | 12/48 (25.0) |
| Total bilirubin >1.2mg/dL | 3/70 (4.3) | 1/24 (4.2) | 2/46 (4.3) |
| Creatine kinase >180 U/L | 5/53 (9.4) | 2/16 (12.5) | 3/37 (8.1) |
| Creatinine >1mg/dL | 28/66 (42.4) | 15/35 (42.9) | 13/31 (41.9) |
| D-dimer >500ng/mL | 30/78 (38.5) | 7/24 (29.2) | 23/54 (42.6) |
| Mean sodium, mmol/L | 138.52 | 139.13 | 138.21 |
| Mean potassium, mmol/L | 4.16 | 4.17 | 4.15 |
Results expressed by total n/n (%), if not otherwise indicated.
CT: computer tomography; PaO 2 /FiO 2 : oxygen partial pressure/fractional inspired oxygen; IQR: interquartile range.
Treatments, complications and clinical outcomes
| Characteristic | Total number of patients (n=510) |
|---|---|
| Disease severity | |
| Severe | 18/441 (4.1) |
| Not severe | 423/441 (95.9) |
| Intensive care use during hospital stay | |
| Yes | 20/72 (27.8) |
| No | 52/72 (72.2) |
| Hospital treatments – medications | |
| Intravenous antibiotics | 61/72 (84.7) |
| Oseltamivir | 23/72 (31.9) |
| Lopinavir and ritonavir | 16/72 (22.2) |
| Chloroquine | 33/72 (45.8) |
| Corticosteroids | 1/72 (1.4) |
| Hospital treatments – support treatments | |
| Oxygen therapy | 32/72 (44.4) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 17/72 (23.6) |
| Invasive | 13/72 (18.1) |
| Non-invasive | 4/72 (5.6) |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 1/72 (1.4) |
| Continuous renal replacement therapy | 3/72 (4.2) |
| Complications | |
| Septic shock | 5/72 (6.9) |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 6/72 (8.3) |
| Acute kidney injury | 7/72 (9.7) |
| Pneumonia | 42/72 (58.3) |
| Mean length of stay, days | |
| LOS, all patients | 9 |
| Patients requiring ICU, days | |
| ICU | 15.25 |
| Inpatients units | 6.75 |
| Patients not requiring ICU, inpatients units, days | 7 |
Results expressed by total n/n (%), if not otherwise indicated.
LOS: length of stay; ICU: intensive care unit.
Caraterísticas clínicas e epidemiológicas
| Característica | Total de pacientes (n=510) | Total de pacientes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Não hospitalizados (n=438) | Hospitalizados (n=72) | ||
| Idade, anos | |||
| Média±DP | 39,9±13,6 | 38,6±12,5 | 51,8±15,32 |
| Mediana | 38,0 | 37,0 | 52,0 |
| Mínima-Máxima | 2-92 | 2-84 | 5-92 |
| Número de pacientes | 510 | 438 | 72 |
| Distribuição segundo idade, anos | |||
| 0-11 | 3/510 (0,6) | 2/438 (0,5) | 1/72 (1,4) |
| 12-49 | 400/510 (78,4) | 369/438 (84,2) | 31/72 (43,1) |
| 50-64 | 74/510 (14,5) | 49/438 (11,2) | 25/72 (34,7) |
| ≥65 | 33/510 (6,5) | 18/438 (4,1) | 15/72 (20,8) |
| Sexo | |||
| Masculino | 290/510 (56,9) | 267/438 (61,0) | 23/72 (31,9) |
| Feminino | 220/510 (43,1) | 171/438 (39,0) | 49/72 (68,1) |
| História de viagem | |||
| União Europeia e Reino Unido | 48/264 (18,2) | 47/223 (21,1) | 1/41 (2,4) |
| Estados Unidos e Canadá | 29/264 (11,0) | 23/223 (10,3) | 6/41 (14,6) |
| Oriente Médio e Irã | 3/264 (1,1) | 3/223 (1,3) | 0/41 (0,0) |
| China e Japão | 1/264 (0,4) | 1/223 (0,4) | 0/41 (0,0) |
| América Latina | 8/264 (3,0) | 8/223 (3,6) | 0/41 (0,0) |
| Outros países | 2/264 (0,8) | 2/223 (0,9) | 0/41 (0,0) |
| Bahia – estado brasileiro | 15/264 (5,7) | 14/223 (6,3) | 1/41 (2,4) |
| Sem história de viagem | 158/264 (59,8) | 125/223 (56,1) | 33/41 (80,5) |
| Exposição (fonte de transmissão – contato com casos confirmados ou suspeitos) | |||
| Exposição | 184/301 (61,1) | 157/252 (62,3) | 27/49 (55,1) |
| Sem exposição | 117/301 (38,9) | 95/252 (37,7) | 22/49 (44,9) |
| Profissional de saúde | |||
| Sim | 85/259 (32,8) | ||
| Não | 174/259 (67,2) | ||
| História de tabagismo | |||
| Fumante atual | 6/111 (5,4) | 5/89 (5,6) | 1/22 (4,5) |
| Ex-fumante | 15/111 (13,5) | 9/89 (10,1) | 6/22 (27,3) |
| Nunca fumou | 90/111 (81,1) | 75/89 (84,3) | 15/22 (68,2) |
| Febre na admissão | |||
| Sim | 61/391 (15,6) | 46/322 (14,3) | 15/69 (21,7) |
| Não | 330/391 (84,4) | 276/322 (85,7) | 54/69 (78,3) |
| Mediana | 36,8 | 36,7 | 36,8 |
| Distribuição de temperatura na admissão | |||
| <37,5°C | 296/392 (75,5) | 248/322 (77,0) | 48/70 (68,6) |
| 37,5-38°C | 54/392 (13,8) | 44/322 (13,7) | 10/70 (14,3) |
| 38,1-39°C | 40/392 (10,2) | 28/322 (8,7) | 12/70 (17,1) |
| >39°C | 2/392 (0,5) | 2/322 (0,6) | 0/70 (0,0) |
| Sintomas | |||
| Congestão nasal | 216/510 (42,4) | 200/438 (45,7) | 16/72 (22,2) |
| Cefaleia | 121/510 (23,7) | 103/438 (23,5) | 18/72 (25,0) |
| Tosse | 212/510 (41,6) | 195/438 (44,5) | 17/72 (23,6) |
| Dor de garganta | 141/510 (27,6) | 127/438 (29,0) | 14/72 (19,4) |
| Produção de escarro | 5/510 (1,0) | 3/438 (0,7) | 2/72 (2,8) |
| Fadiga | 69/510 (13,5) | 56/438 (12,8) | 13/72 (18,1) |
| Dispneia | 40/510 (7,8) | 32/438 (7,3) | 8/72 (11,1) |
| Náusea ou vômitos | 9/510 (1,8) | 6/438 (1,4) | 3/72 (4,2) |
| Diarreia | 22/510 (4,3) | 20/438 (4,6) | 2/72 (2,8) |
| Mialgia ou artralgia | 185/510 (36,3) | 157/438 (35,8) | 28/72 (38,9) |
| Calafrios | 22/510 (4,3) | 21/438 (4,8) | 1/72 (1,4) |
| Febre | 344/510 (67,5) | 286/438 (65,3) | 58/72 (80,6) |
| Congestão conjuntival | 2/510 (0,4) | 2/438 (0,5) | 0/72 (0,0) |
| Outros sintomas | 12/510 (2,4) | 10/438 (2,3) | 2/72 (2,8) |
| Sem sintomas | 18/510 (3,5) | 18/438 (4,1) | 0/72 (0,0) |
| Duração dos sintomas, dias | |||
| Média±DP | 2,8±2,2 | 2,6±2,1 | 3,9±2,7 |
| Mediana | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Mínima-Máxima | 1-15 | 1-15 | 1-12 |
| Sinais de infecção | |||
| Garganta inflamada | 85/484 (17,6) | 68/412 (16,5) | 17/72 (23,6) |
| Amígdalas inchadas | 7/484 (1,4) | 3/412 (0,7) | 4/72 (5,6) |
| Erupções cutâneas | 3/484 (0,6) | 2/412 (0,5) | 1/72 (1,4) |
| Outras alterações | 35/484 (7,2) | 20/412 (4,9) | 15/72 (20,8) |
| Sem alterações | 390/484 (80,6) | 344/412 (83,5) | 46/72 (63,9) |
| Doenças coexistentes | |||
| Quaisquer doenças coexistentes | 101/501 (20,2) | 65/429 (15,2) | 36/72 (50,0) |
| Asma ou doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica | 15/501 (3,0) | 11/429 (2,6) | 4/72 (5,6) |
| Diabetes | 16/501 (3,2) | 6/429 (1,4) | 10/72 (13,9) |
| Hipertensão | 41/501 (8,2) | 26/429 (6,1) | 15/72 (20,8) |
| Doença coronariana ou outras doenças cardíacas | 14/501 (2,8) | 6/429 (1,4) | 8/72 (11,1) |
| Doenças cerebrovasculares | 2/501 (0,4) | 0/429 (0,0) | 2/72 (2,8) |
| Hepatite B, C, HIV ou outra imunodeficiência | 2/501 (0,4) | 1/429 (0,2) | 1/72 (1,4) |
| Câncer | 9/501 (1,8) | 4/429 (0,9) | 5/72 (6,9) |
| Doença renal crônica | 3/501 (0,6) | 1/429 (0,2) | 2/72 (2,8) |
| Transplante de órgão | 0/501 (0,0) | 0/429 (0,0) | 0/72 (0,0) |
| Gravidez | 5/501 (1,0) | 5/429 (1,2) | 0/72 (0,0) |
| Outras doenças coexistentes | 37/501 (7,4) | 13/429 (3,0) | 24/72 (33,3) |
| Sem doenças coexistentes | 400/501 (79,8) | 364/429 (84,8) | 36/72 (50,0) |
| IMC médio±DP | 26,2±4,7 | 25,5±4,7 | 26,9±4,6 |
| Uso crônico de medicamentos | |||
| Quaisquer medicamentos | 77/510 (15,1) | 43/438 (9,8) | 34/72 (47,2) |
| Estatinas | 20/510 (3,9) | 6/438 (1,4) | 14/72 (19,4) |
| Polivitaminas | 3/510 (0,6) | 1/438 (0,2) | 2/72 (2,8) |
| Antidepressivos | 16/510 (3,1) | 11/438 (2,5) | 5/72 (6,9) |
| Anti-hipertensivos | 30/510 (5,9) | 12/438 (2,7) | 18/72 (25,0) |
| Antiplaquetários ou anticoagulantes | 8/510 (1,6) | 3/438 (0,7) | 5/72 (6,9) |
| Hormônios tireoidianos | 14/510 (2,7) | 6/438 (1,4) | 8/72 (11,1) |
| Antidiabéticos | 16/510 (3,1) | 8/438 (1,8) | 8/72 (11,1) |
| Analgésicos | 10/510 (2,0) | 5/438 (1,1) | 5/72 (6,9) |
| Antibióticos | 3/510 (0,6) | 2/438 (0,5) | 1/72 (1,4) |
| Corticoides | 3/510 (0,6) | 2/438 (0,5) | 1/72 (1,4) |
| Medicamentos inalados | 4/510 (0,8) | 3/438 (0,7) | 1/72 (1,4) |
| Outros medicamentos | 24/510 (4,7) | 11/438 (2,5) | 13/72 (18,1) |
| Sem uso de medicamentos | 433/510 (84,9) | 395/438 (90,2) | 38/72 (52,8) |
| Uso crônico de medicamentos, número de medicamentos (distribuição) | |||
| Somente um tipo de medicamento | 31/77 (40,3) | 18/43 (41,9) | 13/34 (38,2) |
| Dois tipos de medicamentos | 19/77 (24,7) | 15/43 (34,9) | 4/34 (11,8) |
| Três tipos de medicamentos | 13/77 (16,9) | 7/43 (16,3) | 6/34 (17,6) |
| Quatro ou mais tipos de medicamentos – polifarmácia | 14/77 (18,2) | 3/43 (7,0) | 11/34 (32,4) |
| ESI na chegada | |||
| 1 | 0/345 (0,0) | 0/276 (0,0) | 0/69 (0,0) |
| 2 | 20/345 (5,8) | 4/276 (1,4) | 16/69 (23,2) |
| 3 | 73/345 (21,2) | 59/276 (21,4) | 14/69 (20,3) |
| 4 | 250/345 (72,5) | 211/276 (76,4) | 39/69 (56,5) |
| 5 | 2/345 (0,6) | 2/276 (0,7) | 0/69 (0,0) |
| Destino após primeira avaliação | |||
| Alta para casa | 442/496 (89,1) | ||
| Admissão em enfermaria geral | 37/496 (7,5) | ||
| Admissão em UTI | 17/496 (3,4) | ||
| Retorno ao pronto-socorro após primeira avaliação | |||
| Sim | 82/370 (22,2) | ||
| Não | 288/370 (77,8) | ||
Resultados expressos por n/n total (%), se não indicado de outra forma.
DP: desvio padrão; IMC: índice de massa corpórea; ESI: Índice de Gravidade de Emergência; UTI: unidade de terapia intensiva.
Achados radiológicos e laboratoriais
| Características | Total de pacientes (n=510) | Total de pacientes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pacientes não hospitalizados (n=438) | Pacientes hospitalizados (n=72) | ||
| Achados radiológicos em radiografia de tórax | |||
| Radiografia de tórax realizada | 37/510 (7,3) | 37/438 (8,4) | 0/72 (0,0) |
| Alterações na radiografia de tórax | 9/37 (24,3) | 9/37 (24,3) | 0 (0,0) |
| Opacidade em vidro fosco | 2/37 (5,4) | 2/37 (5,4) | 0 (0,0) |
| Consolidações focais | 1/37 (2,7) | 1/37 (2,7) | 0 (0,0) |
| Consolidações bilaterais | 0/37 (0,0) | 0/37 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) |
| Alterações intersticiais | 6/37 (16,2) | 6/37 (16,2) | 0 (0,0) |
| Achados radiológicos em TC de tórax | |||
| TC de tórax realizada | 78/510 (15,3) | 23/438 (5,3) | 55/72 (76,4) |
| Alterações na TC de tórax | 73/78 (93,6) | 20/23 (87,0) | 53/55 (96,4) |
| Opacidade em vidro fosco | 66/78 (84,6) | 17/23 (73,9) | 49/55 (89,1) |
| Consolidações focais | 2/78 (2,6) | 1/23 (4,3) | 1/55 (1,8) |
| Consolidações bilaterais | 62/78 (79,5) | 17/23 (73,9) | 45/55 (81,8) |
| Alterações intersticiais | 37/78 (47,4) | 11/23 (47,8) | 26/55 (47,3) |
| Achados laboratoriais | |||
| PaO2/FiO2mediana (IIQ) | 3,0 (1,3- 5,5) | ||
| Contagem de leucócitos | |||
| Mediana por mm3 | 5,568 | 5,321 | 5,868 |
| Distribuição por mm3 | |||
| >10.000 | 6/135 (4,4) | 2/63 (3,2) | 4/72 (5,6) |
| <4.000 | 29/135 (21,5) | 14/63 (22,2) | 15/72 (20,8) |
| Contagem de linfócitos | |||
| Mediana por mm3 | 1,213 | 1,242 | 1,178 |
| Distribuição <1.500 por mm3 | 103/135 (76,3) | 53/63 (84,1) | 50/72 (69,4) |
| Contagem de plaquetas | |||
| Mediana por mm3 | 189,155 | 189,918 | 188,229 |
| Distribuição <150.000 por mm3 | 35/135 (25,9) | 16/63 (25,4) | 19/72 (26,4) |
| Hemoglobina mediana, g/dL | 14,29 | 14,47 | 14,07 |
| Distribuição de outros achados | |||
| Proteína C-reativa >5mg/L | 91/122 (74,6) | 35/62 (56,5) | 56/60 (93,3) |
| Procalcitonina >0,5ng/mL | 3/15 (20,0) | 0/3 (0,0) | 3/12 (25,0) |
| Lactato desidrogenase >214U/L | 40/70 (57,1) | 9/24 (37,5) | 31/46 (67,4) |
| Aspartato aminotransferase >40U/L | 15/75 (20,0) | 5/27 (18,5) | 10/48 (20,8) |
| Alanina aminotransferase >40U/L | 19/75 (25,3) | 7/27 (25,9) | 12/48 (25,0) |
| Bilirrubinas totais >1,2mg/dL | 3/70 (4,3) | 1/24 (4,2) | 2/46 (4,3) |
| Creatina quinase >180U/L | 5/53 (9,4) | 2/16 (12,5) | 3/37 (8,1) |
| Creatinina >1mg/dL | 28/66 (42,4) | 15/35 (42,9) | 13/31 (41,9) |
| Dímero D >500ng/mL | 30/78 (38,5) | 7/24 (29,2) | 23/54 (42,6) |
| Sódio médio, mmol/L | 138,52 | 139,13 | 138,21 |
| Potássio médio, mmol/L | 4,16 | 4,17 | 4,15 |
Resultados expressos por n/n total (%), se não indicado de outra forma.
TC: tomografia computadorizada; PaO2/FiO2: pressão parcial de oxigênio/fração inspirada de oxigênio; IIQ: intervalo interquartil.
Tratamentos, complicações e desfechos clínicos
| Característica | Total de pacientes (n=510) |
|---|---|
| Gravidade da doença | |
| Grave | 18/441 (4,1) |
| Não grave | 423/441 (95,9) |
| Uso de terapia intensiva durante hospitalização | |
| Sim | 20/72 (27,8) |
| Não | 52/72 (72,2) |
| Tratamentos hospitalares – medicamentos | |
| Antibióticos intravenosos | 61/72 (84,7) |
| Oseltamivir | 23/72 (31,9) |
| Lopinavir e ritonavir | 16/72 (22,2) |
| Cloroquina | 33/72 (45,8) |
| Corticoides | 1/72 (1,4) |
| Tratamentos hospitalares – tratamento de suporte | |
| Oxigenoterapia | 32/72 (44,4) |
| Ventilação mecânica | 17/72 (23,6) |
| Invasiva | 13/72 (18,1) |
| Não invasiva | 4/72 (5,6) |
| Oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea | 1/72 (1,4) |
| Terapia de substituição renal contínua | 3/72 (4,2) |
| Complicações | |
| Choque séptico | 5/72 (6,9) |
| Síndrome de desconforto respiratório agudo | 6/72 (8,3) |
| Lesão renal aguda | 7/72 (9,7) |
| Pneumonia | 42/72 (58,3) |
| Tempo médio de internação, dias | |
| Tempo de internação, todos os pacientes | 9 |
| Pacientes que precisaram de UTI, dias | |
| UTI | 15,25 |
| Unidade de internação | 6,75 |
| Pacientes que não precisaram de UTI, unidade de internação, dias | 7 |
Resultados expressos por n/n total (%), se não indicado de outra forma.
UTI: unidade de terapia intensiva.