Atanu Bhattacharjee1, Gaurav Roy2, Atul Budukh3, Rajesh Dikshit3, Vijay M Patil4, Amit Joshi4, Vanita Noronha4, Kumar Prabash4, Papai Roy5. 1. Section of Biostatistics, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India. 2. Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India. 3. Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India. 4. Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India. 5. Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis and improved therapeutic options have contributed to prolonged survival in male genitourinary cancer. However, these cancer survivors may die due to other causes. AIMS: This work is aimed to explore the death patterns among male genitourinary cancer patients due to other causes. The occurrence of death not related to cancer is defined as competing risk (CR). METHODS AND RESULTS: Data extracted between 1973 and 2014 for male patients (n = 638 393) diagnosed with genitourinary cancer and registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were included for analysis. A CR analysis was performed to explore the death patterns due to cancer or otherwise. Our study evidenced a huge proportion of patients' death due to associated factors including but not limited to cancer. Interestingly, the computed hazard ratios obtained in cancers of male organ sites such as prepuce, glans penis, penis, and spermatic cord were 1.28 (0.98-1.67), 1.53 (1.33-1.77), 1.35 (0.19-1.53), and 1.57 (1.24-2.0), respectively. However, the hazard ratios evaluated on factors other than cancer in the same organ sites were 0.95 (0.76-1.18), 1.14 (0.99-1.3), 1.09 (0.97-1.22), and 1.12 (0.86-1.46), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study shows that among the male genitourinary cancer patients, the significant proportion of deaths occurs due to reasons unrelated to cancer. It can be concluded that the magnitude of death due to only genitourinary cancer is minimal and is not as high as documented in the earlier literature.
BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis and improved therapeutic options have contributed to prolonged survival in male genitourinary cancer. However, these cancer survivors may die due to other causes. AIMS: This work is aimed to explore the death patterns among male genitourinary cancerpatients due to other causes. The occurrence of death not related to cancer is defined as competing risk (CR). METHODS AND RESULTS: Data extracted between 1973 and 2014 for male patients (n = 638 393) diagnosed with genitourinary cancer and registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were included for analysis. A CR analysis was performed to explore the death patterns due to cancer or otherwise. Our study evidenced a huge proportion of patients' death due to associated factors including but not limited to cancer. Interestingly, the computed hazard ratios obtained in cancers of male organ sites such as prepuce, glans penis, penis, and spermatic cord were 1.28 (0.98-1.67), 1.53 (1.33-1.77), 1.35 (0.19-1.53), and 1.57 (1.24-2.0), respectively. However, the hazard ratios evaluated on factors other than cancer in the same organ sites were 0.95 (0.76-1.18), 1.14 (0.99-1.3), 1.09 (0.97-1.22), and 1.12 (0.86-1.46), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study shows that among the male genitourinary cancerpatients, the significant proportion of deaths occurs due to reasons unrelated to cancer. It can be concluded that the magnitude of death due to only genitourinary cancer is minimal and is not as high as documented in the earlier literature.
Authors: Julie A Winterich; Joseph G Grzywacz; Sara A Quandt; Peter E Clark; David P Miller; Joshua Acuña; Mark B Dignan; Thomas A Arcury Journal: Ethn Dis Date: 2009 Impact factor: 1.847