Jenna Otter1, Stephanie Mayer2, Christian A Tomaszewski3. 1. Department of Medical Toxicology, University of California, San Diego, 200 Arbor Dr #8676, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA. otter.jenna@yahoo.com. 2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 334 UCB, N132 Ramaley, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA. 3. Department of Medical Toxicology, University of California, San Diego, 200 Arbor Dr #8676, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Plant identification applications for use on smartphones have been increasing in availability, accuracy, and utilization. We aimed to perform an introductory study to determine if a plant identification application (ID app) used on a smartphone could identify toxic plants, and to compare apps to determine which is most reliable. METHODS: We compared three popular iPhone plant ID apps, PictureThis (PT), PlantSnap (PS), and Pl@ntNet (PN), used to identify 17 commonly encountered toxic plants. Apps were used to photograph the entire plant, leaves, and flowers of ≥ 10 different plants for each species. Two toxicologists performed plant identification with confirmation of identification performed by a botanist, and inter-researcher agreement was confirmed. For each plant species, scores for accuracy of app identification of leaves, flowers, and whole plant were combined to create an overall composite score used to compare accuracy of each app (95% C.I.). RESULTS: PictureThis had the best performance with 10/17 (59% [36 to 78]) plant species identified 100% correctly, as opposed to 8/17 (47% [26 to 69]) for Pl@ntNet and 1/17 for PlantSnap (5.8% [1.1 to 27]). CONCLUSION: A plant identification app may be a useful tool to assist healthcare providers and the public in identifying toxic plants.
INTRODUCTION: Plant identification applications for use on smartphones have been increasing in availability, accuracy, and utilization. We aimed to perform an introductory study to determine if a plant identification application (ID app) used on a smartphone could identify toxic plants, and to compare apps to determine which is most reliable. METHODS: We compared three popular iPhone plant ID apps, PictureThis (PT), PlantSnap (PS), and Pl@ntNet (PN), used to identify 17 commonly encountered toxic plants. Apps were used to photograph the entire plant, leaves, and flowers of ≥ 10 different plants for each species. Two toxicologists performed plant identification with confirmation of identification performed by a botanist, and inter-researcher agreement was confirmed. For each plant species, scores for accuracy of app identification of leaves, flowers, and whole plant were combined to create an overall composite score used to compare accuracy of each app (95% C.I.). RESULTS: PictureThis had the best performance with 10/17 (59% [36 to 78]) plant species identified 100% correctly, as opposed to 8/17 (47% [26 to 69]) for Pl@ntNet and 1/17 for PlantSnap (5.8% [1.1 to 27]). CONCLUSION: A plant identification app may be a useful tool to assist healthcare providers and the public in identifying toxic plants.
Authors: David D Gummin; James B Mowry; Daniel A Spyker; Daniel E Brooks; Krista M Osterthaler; William Banner Journal: Clin Toxicol (Phila) Date: 2018-12-21 Impact factor: 4.467
Authors: David D Gummin; James B Mowry; Daniel A Spyker; Daniel E Brooks; Michael O Fraser; William Banner Journal: Clin Toxicol (Phila) Date: 2017-11-29 Impact factor: 4.467
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Authors: Ben Enfield; Daniel E Brooks; Sharyn Welch; Maureen Roland; Jane Klemens; Kim Greenlief; Rachel Olson; Richard D Gerkin Journal: J Med Toxicol Date: 2018-01-12