To Kill a Microglia: A Case for CSF1R Inhibitors.

Microglia, the brain's immune sentinels, have garnered much attention in recent years. Researchers have begun to identify the manifold roles that these cells play in the central nervous system (CNS), and this work has been greatly facilitated by microglial depletion paradigms. The varying degrees of spatiotemporal manipulation afforded by such techniques allow microglial ablation before, during, and/or following insult, injury, or disease. We review the major methods of microglial depletion, including toxin-based, genetic, and pharmacological approaches, which differ in key factors including depletion onset, duration, and off-target effects. We conclude that pharmacological CSF1R inhibitors afford the most extensive versatility in manipulating microglia, making them ideal candidates for future studies investigating microglial function in health and disease.