Paul Olalekan Odeniran1,2, Ewan Thomas Macleod3, Isaiah Oluwafemi Ademola4, John Asekhaen Ohiolei5, Ayodele Oluwakemi Majekodunmi3,6, Susan Christina Welburn3,6. 1. Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. drpaulekode@gmail.com. 2. Infection Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. drpaulekode@gmail.com. 3. Infection Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. 4. Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. 5. State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, People's Republic of China. 6. Zhejiang University - University of Edinburgh Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, International Campus, 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining, 314400, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Glossina spp. (Glossinidae), Tabanus spp. (Tabanidae), Ancala spp. (Tabanidae), Atylotus spp. (Tabanidae) and Stomoxys spp. (Muscidae) are important transmitting vectors of African animal trypanosomosis in sub-Saharan Africa. There is paucity of information on the distribution and identification of these flies in cattle settlements in southwest Nigeria. METHODS: The distribution patterns, genetic variations and diversities of dipteran flies in southwest Nigeria were described and identified using morphological and molecular analysis of the 28S rDNA gene. RESULTS: Of the 13,895 flies examined morphologically between April 2016 and March 2017, tabanids were identified [Tabanus (0.34%), Ancala (0.03%), Atylotus (0.01%), Haematopota (0.014%) and Chrysops (0.11%)]. Two stomoxyine species were identified; Stomoxys niger niger Macquart (45.30%) and Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus (17.29%) and two Glossina spp. namely; Glossina p. gambiense Vanderplank, 1911 (0.46%) and Glossina tachinoides Westwood (0.51%) were identified. The identities were further confirmed in a BLAST search using their nucleotide sequences. The median-joining network of the 28S rDNA gene sequences indicated that fly species examined were genetically distinct. The apparent density of all the trapped flies was highest at a mean temperature of 26-28 ℃, humidity > 80% and rainfall of 150-220 mm/month. The distribution of flies was observed to increase as vegetation increased in density and decreased in areas with relatively high human population density (> 100/km2). CONCLUSIONS: The population indices of the 28S rDNA gene of the flies suggest that analysis of nuclear DNA fragments may provide more information on the molecular ecology of these flies. Characterising fly species and assessing their impact are essential in distribution and monitoring AAT spread.
INTRODUCTION:Glossina spp. (Glossinidae), Tabanus spp. (Tabanidae), Ancala spp. (Tabanidae), Atylotus spp. (Tabanidae) and Stomoxys spp. (Muscidae) are important transmitting vectors of African animal trypanosomosis in sub-Saharan Africa. There is paucity of information on the distribution and identification of these flies in cattle settlements in southwest Nigeria. METHODS: The distribution patterns, genetic variations and diversities of dipteran flies in southwest Nigeria were described and identified using morphological and molecular analysis of the 28S rDNA gene. RESULTS: Of the 13,895 flies examined morphologically between April 2016 and March 2017, tabanids were identified [Tabanus (0.34%), Ancala (0.03%), Atylotus (0.01%), Haematopota (0.014%) and Chrysops (0.11%)]. Two stomoxyine species were identified; Stomoxys niger niger Macquart (45.30%) and Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus (17.29%) and two Glossina spp. namely; Glossina p. gambiense Vanderplank, 1911 (0.46%) and Glossina tachinoides Westwood (0.51%) were identified. The identities were further confirmed in a BLAST search using their nucleotide sequences. The median-joining network of the 28S rDNA gene sequences indicated that fly species examined were genetically distinct. The apparent density of all the trapped flies was highest at a mean temperature of 26-28 ℃, humidity > 80% and rainfall of 150-220 mm/month. The distribution of flies was observed to increase as vegetation increased in density and decreased in areas with relatively high human population density (> 100/km2). CONCLUSIONS: The population indices of the 28S rDNA gene of the flies suggest that analysis of nuclear DNA fragments may provide more information on the molecular ecology of these flies. Characterising fly species and assessing their impact are essential in distribution and monitoring AAT spread.
Authors: Michael I Takeet; Benjamin O Fagbemi; Marcos De Donato; Abdulmojeed Yakubu; Hectorina E Rodulfo; Sunday O Peters; Matthew Wheto; Ikhide G Imumorin Journal: Res Vet Sci Date: 2012-12-11 Impact factor: 2.534
Authors: N A Dyer; A Furtado; J Cano; F Ferreira; M Odete Afonso; N Ndong-Mabale; P Ndong-Asumu; S Centeno-Lima; A Benito; D Weetman; M J Donnelly; J Pinto Journal: Mol Ecol Date: 2009-07-10 Impact factor: 6.185
Authors: Robert Opiro; Norah P Saarman; Richard Echodu; Elizabeth A Opiyo; Kirstin Dion; Alexis Halyard; Augustine W Dunn; Serap Aksoy; Adalgisa Caccone Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2017-04-28
Authors: Paul Olalekan Odeniran; Akindele Akano Onifade; Ewan Thomas MacLeod; Isaiah Oluwafemi Ademola; Simon Alderton; Susan Christina Welburn Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-11-20 Impact factor: 3.240