Chaiwat Aphivatanasiri1, Joshua Li2, Ronald Chan2, Shirley K Jamidi3, Julia Y Tsang2, Ivan K Poon2, Yan Shao2, Joanna Tong2, Ka-Fai To2, Siu-Ki Chan4, Fiona Tam4, Sai-Yin Cheung5, Ka-Ho Shea5, Gary M Tse6. 1. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 2. Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. 3. Department of Pathology, Eka Hospital, Bumi Serpong Damai, Tangerang, Indonesia. 4. Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 5. Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 6. Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. garytse@cuhk.edu.hk.
Abstract
PURPOSE: For invasive breast cancer (IBC), high SOX10 expression was reported particularly in TNBC. This raised the possibility that SOX10 may complement other breast markers for determining cancers of breast origin. METHODS: Here, we compared the expression of SOX10 with other breast markers (GATA3, mammaglobin and GCDFP15) and their combined expression in a large cohort of IBC together with nodal metastases. We have also evaluated the expression of GATA3 and SOX10 in a wide spectrum of non-breast carcinomas to assess their value as breast specific markers. RESULTS: Compared with other markers, SOX10 showed lower overall sensitivity (6.5%), but higher sensitivity in TNBC (31.4%) than other breast markers including GATA3 (29.7% for TNBC). Its expression demonstrated the highest concordance between the paired IBC and nodal metastases (96.4%, κ = 0.663) among all the breast markers. More importantly, SOX10 identified many GATA3-negative TNBC, thus the SOX10/GATA3 combination was the most sensitive marker combination for IBC (86.6%). For non-breast carcinoma, a high SOX10/GATA3 expression rate was found in melanoma (77.9%, predominately expressed SOX10), urothelial carcinoma (82.0%, predominately expressed GATA3) and salivary gland tumors (69.4%). Other carcinomas, including cancers from lungs, showed very low expression for the marker combination. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggested that SOX10/GATA3 combination can be used for differentiating metastases of breast and multiple non-breast origins. However, the differentiation with melanoma and urothelial tumors required more careful histologic examination, thorough clinical information and additional site-specific IHC markers. For salivary gland tumors, the overlapping tumor types with IBC renders the differentiation difficult.
PURPOSE: For invasive breast cancer (IBC), high SOX10 expression was reported particularly in TNBC. This raised the possibility that SOX10 may complement other breast markers for determining cancers of breast origin. METHODS: Here, we compared the expression of SOX10 with other breast markers (GATA3, mammaglobin and GCDFP15) and their combined expression in a large cohort of IBC together with nodal metastases. We have also evaluated the expression of GATA3 and SOX10 in a wide spectrum of non-breast carcinomas to assess their value as breast specific markers. RESULTS: Compared with other markers, SOX10 showed lower overall sensitivity (6.5%), but higher sensitivity in TNBC (31.4%) than other breast markers including GATA3 (29.7% for TNBC). Its expression demonstrated the highest concordance between the paired IBC and nodal metastases (96.4%, κ = 0.663) among all the breast markers. More importantly, SOX10 identified many GATA3-negative TNBC, thus the SOX10/GATA3 combination was the most sensitive marker combination for IBC (86.6%). For non-breast carcinoma, a high SOX10/GATA3 expression rate was found in melanoma (77.9%, predominately expressed SOX10), urothelial carcinoma (82.0%, predominately expressed GATA3) and salivary gland tumors (69.4%). Other carcinomas, including cancers from lungs, showed very low expression for the marker combination. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggested that SOX10/GATA3 combination can be used for differentiating metastases of breast and multiple non-breast origins. However, the differentiation with melanoma and urothelial tumors required more careful histologic examination, thorough clinical information and additional site-specific IHC markers. For salivary gland tumors, the overlapping tumor types with IBC renders the differentiation difficult.
Entities:
Keywords:
Breast cancer; GATA3; Lung cancer; Melanoma; Nodal metastasis; Salivary gland tumor; Sox10; Urothelial cancer
Authors: Katarzyna J Jerzak; Nechama Lipton; Sharon Nofech-Mozes; Dina Boles; Elzbieta Slodkowska; Gregory R Pond; Ellen Warner Journal: Breast Cancer Res Treat Date: 2021-07-27 Impact factor: 4.872
Authors: Carina Bernardo; Fátima L Monteiro; Inês Direito; Francisco Amado; Vera Afreixo; Lúcio L Santos; Luisa A Helguero Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2021-10-08 Impact factor: 5.555