| Literature DB >> 32728817 |
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to pose a major global threat. Although a wide range of organ manifestations have now been described, the respiratory system remains in the forefront in terms of the course of infection. Severe pneumonia can develop and is generally prognostically relevant. The following article discusses currently known features of these pulmonary manifestations from a pathophysiological, symptomatological, and radiological perspective. With regard to pathophysiology, the complex nature of the acute pulmonary disease involving severe injury to the alveolar epithelium and pulmonary vascular endothelium resulting in severe respiratory failure in a proportion of patients is discussed. The differences from "classic" acute respiratory distress syndrome and the major effects these have on the treatment of COVID-19 are elucidated. Following a brief description of PCR-based pathogen identification and information on typical laboratory findings, imaging of COVID-19 pneumonia is described in greater details (typical findings, differential diagnoses, grading of the likelihood of COVID-19 pneumonia). This is followed by a description of symptoms, which develop in three phases. With regard to treatment, supportive and intensive care approaches are discussed, including O2 administration and (non-)invasive ventilation. The article concludes with a summary of the insights gained into pharmacological therapies: thrombosis prevention on the one hand, and specific antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies (remdesivir, tocilizumab, anakinra, dexamethasone) on the other.Entities:
Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Antiviral agents; Dexamethasone; Tomography, X‑ray computed; Ventilation, mechanical
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2020 PMID: 32728817 PMCID: PMC7388437 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-020-00854-5
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Internist (Berl) ISSN: 0020-9554 Impact factor: 0.743

| Kategorie | CT-Veränderungen |
|---|---|
| 1. CT-Veränderungen suggestiv für COVID-19-Pneumonie (bei hoher lokaler Prävalenz und/oder individueller Prätestwahrscheinlichkeit) | a. Früh: dominante Milchglasverdichtungen („ground glass“) b. Später dominantes „crazy paving“/Konsolidierungen c. Zeichen der organisierenden Pneumonie (z. B. arkadenförmige Konsolidierung/Milchglastrübung, umgekehrtes Halozeichen) d. Peripher und posterior betont e. Rund oder geografisch konfiguriert f. Bilateral, multifokal g. Intraläsional erweiterte Gefäße h. Fehlende mediastinale/hiläre Lymphadenopathie |
| 2. CT-Veränderungen unklar, COVID-19-Pneumonie jedoch möglich | a. Milchglas/„crazy paving“/Konsolidierung anders verteilt als unter Kategorie 1 („suggestive CT-Veränderungen für COVID-19“) spezifiziert b. Zentral betont c. Nicht rund oder nicht geografisch konfiguriert |
| 3. CT-Veränderungen suggestiv für eine alternative Diagnose (z. B. bakterielles Erregerspektrum) | a. Noduli b. „Tree in bud“ c. Peribronchiale Verdichtung d. Lobäre/segmentale Konsolidierung e. Kaverne f. Bronchialwandverdickungen g. „Mucus plugging“ h. Pleuraerguss |
| 4. In CT kein Hinweis auf pneumonische Verdichtungen | – |
COVID-19 „Coronavirus disease 2019“, CT Computertomographie

