Bacterial synthesis of C3-C5 diols via extending amino acid catabolism.

Amino acids are naturally occurring and structurally diverse metabolites in biological system, whose potentials for chemical expansion, however, have not been fully explored. Here, we devise a metabolic platform capable of producing industrially important C3-C5 diols from amino acids. The presented platform combines the natural catabolism of charged amino acids with a catalytically efficient and thermodynamically favorable diol formation pathway, created by expanding the substrate scope of the carboxylic acid reductase toward noncognate ω-hydroxylic acids. Using the established platform as gateways, seven different diol-convertible amino acids are converted to diols including 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol. Particularly, we afford to optimize the production of 1,4-butanediol and demonstrate the de novo production of 1,5-pentanediol from glucose, with titers reaching 1.41 and 0.97 g l-1, respectively. Our work presents a metabolic platform that enriches the pathway repertoire for nonnatural diols with feedstock flexibility to both sugar and protein hydrolysates.