Core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia: Advances in the heterogeneity of KIT, FLT3, and RAS mutations (Review).

Core binding factor (CBF) is a heterodimer protein complex involved in the transcriptional regulation of normal hematopoietic process. In addition, CBF molecular aberrations represent approximately 20% of all adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients. Treated with standard therapy, adult CBF AML has higher complete remission (CR) rate, longer CR duration, and better prognosis than that of AML patients with normal karyotype or other chromosomal aberrations. Although the prognosis of CBF AML is better than other subtypes of adult AML, it is still a group of heterogeneous diseases, and the prognosis is often different. Recurrence and relapse-related death are the main challenges to be faced following treatment. Mounting research shows the gene heterogeneity of CBF AML. Therefore, to achieve an improved clinical outcome, the differences in clinical and genotypic characteristics should be taken into account in the evaluation and management of such patients, so as to further improve the risk stratification of prognosis and develop targeted therapy. The present article is a comprehensive review of the differences in some common mutant genes between two subtypes of CBF AML.