Manuel Cano1, Sehun Oh2, Christopher P Salas-Wright3, Michael G Vaughn4. 1. Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA. Electronic address: manuel.cano@utsa.edu. 2. College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, 1947 College Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. 3. School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Prevention Science & Community Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. 4. School of Social Work, St. Louis University, 3550 Lindell Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA; Graduate School of Social Welfare and College of Social Science, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cocaine-involved overdose mortality has recently risen in the United States (US), yet it is unclear to what extent patterns in cocaine-involved overdose mortality parallel patterns in cocaine use. This study: examined time trends (2002-2018) in past-year cocaine use and cocaine-involved overdose mortality in the US; and compared demographics and drug involvement of adults who reported past-year cocaine use versus adults who died of a cocaine-involved overdose. METHODS: Data from two sources were utilized: (1) the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 1,334 adults self-reporting cocaine use in 2018); and (2) the Multiple Cause of Death dataset of the National Center for Health Statistics (N = 14,630 adults who died of a cocaine-involved overdose in 2018). The study examined prevalence of past-year cocaine use, mortality rates for cocaine-involved overdose, 2002-2018 trends, demographic characteristics, and involvement of other drugs. RESULTS: Results of Joinpoint Regression indicated that the prevalence of past-year cocaine use increased after 2011, with an annual percent change of 5.13, while age-adjusted cocaine-involved overdose mortality rates escalated after 2012, with an annual percent change of 26.54. In 2018, prevalence of past-year cocaine use did not significantly differ (p = 0.09) by racial/ethnic group, yet Non-Hispanic Blacks had an age-adjusted cocaine-involved overdose mortality rate more than double the rate in Non-Hispanic Whites and significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in any other group. CONCLUSIONS: While the prevalence of cocaine use has increased modestly, cocaine-involved overdose mortality has risen dramatically. Cocaine-involved overdose mortality is disproportionately affecting individuals who are Black, older, or with lower educational attainment.
BACKGROUND:Cocaine-involved overdosemortality has recently risen in the United States (US), yet it is unclear to what extent patterns in cocaine-involved overdosemortality parallel patterns in cocaine use. This study: examined time trends (2002-2018) in past-year cocaine use and cocaine-involved overdosemortality in the US; and compared demographics and drug involvement of adults who reported past-year cocaine use versus adults who died of a cocaine-involved overdose. METHODS: Data from two sources were utilized: (1) the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 1,334 adults self-reporting cocaine use in 2018); and (2) the Multiple Cause of Death dataset of the National Center for Health Statistics (N = 14,630 adults who died of a cocaine-involved overdose in 2018). The study examined prevalence of past-year cocaine use, mortality rates for cocaine-involved overdose, 2002-2018 trends, demographic characteristics, and involvement of other drugs. RESULTS: Results of Joinpoint Regression indicated that the prevalence of past-year cocaine use increased after 2011, with an annual percent change of 5.13, while age-adjusted cocaine-involved overdosemortality rates escalated after 2012, with an annual percent change of 26.54. In 2018, prevalence of past-year cocaine use did not significantly differ (p = 0.09) by racial/ethnic group, yet Non-Hispanic Blacks had an age-adjusted cocaine-involved overdosemortality rate more than double the rate in Non-Hispanic Whites and significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in any other group. CONCLUSIONS: While the prevalence of cocaine use has increased modestly, cocaine-involved overdosemortality has risen dramatically. Cocaine-involved overdosemortality is disproportionately affecting individuals who are Black, older, or with lower educational attainment.
Authors: Hawre Jalal; Jeanine M Buchanich; Mark S Roberts; Lauren C Balmert; Kun Zhang; Donald S Burke Journal: Science Date: 2018-09-21 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Joseph J Palamar; Shelby Davies; Danielle C Ompad; Charles M Cleland; Michael Weitzman Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2015-02-02 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Eduardo R Butelman; Carina Y Chen; Kimberly J Lake; Kate G Brown; Mary Jeanne Kreek Journal: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol Date: 2020-10-29 Impact factor: 3.157
Authors: Manuel Cano; Christopher P Salas-Wright; Sehun Oh; Lailea Noel; Dora Hernandez; Michael G Vaughn Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Date: 2022-03-06 Impact factor: 4.519
Authors: Natalie S Levy; Joseph J Palamar; Stephen J Mooney; Charles M Cleland; Katherine M Keyes Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2022-01-03 Impact factor: 6.996
Authors: Ryan McNeil; Taylor Fleming; Alexandra B Collins; Sandra Czechaczek; Samara Mayer; Jade Boyd Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2021-03-18 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Lisa R Goldberg; Emily J Yao; Julia C Kelliher; Eric R Reed; Jiayi Wu Cox; Cory Parks; Stacey L Kirkpatrick; Jacob A Beierle; Melanie M Chen; William E Johnson; Gregg E Homanics; Robert W Williams; Camron D Bryant; Megan K Mulligan Journal: Genes Brain Behav Date: 2021-10-22 Impact factor: 3.708
Authors: Jaclyn M W Hughto; Lily K Gordon; Thomas J Stopka; Patricia Case; Wilson R Palacios; Abigail Tapper; Traci C Green Journal: Subst Abus Date: 2021-07-06 Impact factor: 3.984