Interactions of insulin with tragacanthic acid biopolymer: Experimental and computational study.

Alternative methods for insulin delivery instead of subcutaneous injection in diabetic patients is of great essential, and biocompatible polymers are one of the most efficient vehicles for this purpose. This research aims to investigate the capability of tragacanthic acid (TA) to bind insulin and release it under physiological conditions without alteration in the structure and conformation of insulin. Interactions between TA and insulin were studied using spectroscopic techniques and computational modeling by docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate an entropy-driven spontaneous interaction between insulin and TA, where hydrogen bonds act as the main enthalpic contribution. According to our findings, the weak interaction between insulin and TA provides the basis for efficient capture and appropriate release of insulin by TA as a potential part of the insulin delivery system. In conclusion, tragacanth acid can be a proper candidate for insulin delivery.