THE GORDON WILSON LECTURE: THE ETHICS OF HUMAN GENOME EDITING.

Human genome editing has undergone major technological advances, raising the possibility of treating or preventing many illnesses. Somatic (nonheritable) genome editing, both in vitro and in vivo, is already being employed under a robust regulatory and ethical framework developed for human gene therapy. In contrast, the prospect of germline (heritable) genome editing is much more contentious, and there is currently no consensus on the proper path forward. The 2017 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and National Academy of Medicine (NAM) report proposed a series of requirements designed to minimize ethical objections while allowing couples to accept the risks of genome editing in order to have a biologically related child without passing on a known genetic disorder. It is vital to prevent gene editing from resulting in unintended negative consequences for individuals with genetic variants. The utilization of genome editing to enhance human function is highly contentious; it may be better to focus on whether an edit creates an "unfair advantage" rather than an enhancement.