Risk Assessment of Metal(Loid)s Exposed to Infants via Consumption of Weaning Foods from Different Supermarkets in Sheffield, UK.

Infant complementary foods are readily available in the UK markets and nowadays, weaning mothers prefer feeding their babies with these products due to modern lifestyles. However, there is a dearth of research with respect to the health risk assessment of trace essential and potentially toxic elements in these products. Hence, this research investigated the health risks of trace essential and potentially toxic elements exposed to infants via consumption of these complementary foods during the first 4 to 12 months of life. Levels of trace essential and potentially toxic elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, daily intakes were estimated using the Food Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization and manufacturer food consumption regime while the US Environmental Protection Agency guideline was used to estimate target hazard quotient and carcinogenic health risk indices. The levels of the elements in the foods varied and were within the safe limits recommended by food standard agencies. The results also showed that the estimated daily intakes of these elements were below the reference doses stipulated by food regulatory agencies. The target hazard quotients and the total carcinogenic risks of the elements in the infant foods were less than 1 and 1.0E-04, respectively, signifying that the target groups may not experience adverse non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health effects because of these foods. This study will be quite helpful for weaning mothers, infant food production and processing companies and government officials in taking protective measures for reducing elemental contamination in infants' complementary foods.