Niloofar Arsalan1, Elahe Hassan Kashi2, Anwarul Hasan3,4, Mona Edalat Doost5, Behnam Rasti6, Bilal Ahamad Paray7, Mona Zahed Nakhjiri1, Soyar Sari2, Majid Sharifi8, Koorosh Shahpasand9, Keivan Akhtari10, Setareh Haghighat5, Mojtaba Falahati8. 1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Lahijan, Guilan, Iran. 2. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 3. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. 4. Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. 5. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 6. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Lahijan, Guilan, Iran. 7. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. 8. Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 9. Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology (RI-SCBT), Tehran, Iran. 10. Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
Abstract
AIM: The interaction of NPs with biological systems may reveal useful details about their pharmacodynamic, anticancer and antibacterial effects. METHODS: Herein, the interaction of as-synthesized Co3O4 NPs with HSA was explored by different kinds of fluorescence and CD spectroscopic methods, as well as molecular docking studies. Also, the anticancer effect of Co3O4 NPs against leukemia K562 cells was investigated by MTT, LDH, caspase, real-time PCR, ROS, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays. Afterwards, the antibacterial effects of Co3O4 NPs against three pathogenic bacteria were disclosed by antibacterial assays. RESULTS: Different characterization methods such as TEM, DLS, zeta potential and XRD studies proved that fabricated Co3O4 NPs by sol-gel method have a diameter of around 50 nm, hydrodynamic radius of 177 nm with a charge distribution of -33.04 mV and a well-defined crystalline phase. Intrinsic, extrinsic, and synchronous fluorescence as well as CD studies, respectively, showed that the HSA undergoes some fluorescence quenching, minor conformational changes, microenvironmental changes as well as no structural changes in the secondary structure, after interaction with Co3O4 NPs. Molecular docking results also verified that the spherical clusters with a dimension of 1.5 nm exhibit the most binding energy with HSA molecules. Anticancer assays demonstrated that Co3O4 NPs can selectively lead to the reduction of K562 cell viability through the cell membrane damage, activation of caspase-9, -8 and -3, elevation of Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio, ROS production, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Finally, antibacterial assays disclosed that Co3O4 NPs can stimulate a promising antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION: In general, these observations can provide useful information for the early stages of nanomaterial applications in therapeutic platforms.
AIM: The interaction of NPs with biological systems may reveal useful details about their pharmacodynamic, anticancer and antibacterial effects. METHODS: Herein, the interaction of as-synthesized Co3O4 NPs with HSA was explored by different kinds of fluorescence and CD spectroscopic methods, as well as molecular docking studies. Also, the anticancer effect of Co3O4 NPs against leukemia K562 cells was investigated by MTT, LDH, caspase, real-time PCR, ROS, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays. Afterwards, the antibacterial effects of Co3O4 NPs against three pathogenic bacteria were disclosed by antibacterial assays. RESULTS: Different characterization methods such as TEM, DLS, zeta potential and XRD studies proved that fabricated Co3O4 NPs by sol-gel method have a diameter of around 50 nm, hydrodynamic radius of 177 nm with a charge distribution of -33.04 mV and a well-defined crystalline phase. Intrinsic, extrinsic, and synchronous fluorescence as well as CD studies, respectively, showed that the HSA undergoes some fluorescence quenching, minor conformational changes, microenvironmental changes as well as no structural changes in the secondary structure, after interaction with Co3O4 NPs. Molecular docking results also verified that the spherical clusters with a dimension of 1.5 nm exhibit the most binding energy with HSA molecules. Anticancer assays demonstrated that Co3O4 NPs can selectively lead to the reduction of K562 cell viability through the cell membrane damage, activation of caspase-9, -8 and -3, elevation of Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio, ROS production, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Finally, antibacterial assays disclosed that Co3O4 NPs can stimulate a promising antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION: In general, these observations can provide useful information for the early stages of nanomaterial applications in therapeutic platforms.
Authors: Aswathy Jayakumar; Heera K V; Sumi T S; Meritta Joseph; Shiji Mathew; Praveen G; Indu C Nair; Radhakrishnan E K Journal: Int J Biol Macromol Date: 2019-06-04 Impact factor: 6.953