Maju Mathew Koola1, Samir Kumar Praharaj2, Anilkumar Pillai3. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. 3. Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The objective of this article is to highlight the potential role of the galantamine-memantine combination as a novel antioxidant treatment for schizophrenia. RECENT FINDINGS: In addition to the well-known mechanisms of action of galantamine and memantine, these medications also have antioxidant activity. Furthermore, an interplay exists between oxidative stress, inflammation (redox-inflammatory hypothesis), and kynurenine pathway metabolites. Also, there is an interaction between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Oxidative stress may be associated with positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms and impairments in white matter integrity in schizophrenia. The antipsychotic-galantamine-memantine combination may provide a novel strategy in schizophrenia to treat positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms. SUMMARY: A "single antioxidant" may be inadequate to counteract the complex cascade of oxidative stress. The galantamine-memantine combination as "double antioxidants" is promising. Hence, randomized controlled trials are warranted with the antipsychotic-galantamine-memantine combination with oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers in schizophrenia.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The objective of this article is to highlight the potential role of the galantamine-memantine combination as a novel antioxidant treatment for schizophrenia. RECENT FINDINGS: In addition to the well-known mechanisms of action of galantamine and memantine, these medications also have antioxidant activity. Furthermore, an interplay exists between oxidative stress, inflammation (redox-inflammatory hypothesis), and kynurenine pathway metabolites. Also, there is an interaction between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress in schizophrenia. Oxidative stress may be associated with positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms and impairments in white matter integrity in schizophrenia. The antipsychotic-galantamine-memantine combination may provide a novel strategy in schizophrenia to treat positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms. SUMMARY: A "single antioxidant" may be inadequate to counteract the complex cascade of oxidative stress. The galantamine-memantine combination as "double antioxidants" is promising. Hence, randomized controlled trials are warranted with the antipsychotic-galantamine-memantine combination with oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers in schizophrenia.
Entities:
Keywords:
Antioxidant; Clinical high risk; Galantamine; Memantine; Oxidative stress; Schizophrenia
Authors: K Q Do; A H Trabesinger; M Kirsten-Krüger; C J Lauer; U Dydak; D Hell; F Holsboer; P Boesiger; M Cuénod Journal: Eur J Neurosci Date: 2000-10 Impact factor: 3.386
Authors: Maiara Zeni-Graiff; Lucas B Rizzo; Rodrigo B Mansur; Pawan K Maurya; Sumit Sethi; Graccielle R Cunha; Elson Asevedo; Pedro Pan; André Zugman; Ana S Yamagata; Cinthia Higuchi; Rodrigo A Bressan; Ary Gadelha; Elisa Brietzke Journal: Schizophr Res Date: 2016-08-08 Impact factor: 4.939
Authors: Luis Alameda; Margot Fournier; Ines Khadimallah; Alessandra Griffa; Martine Cleusix; Raoul Jenni; Carina Ferrari; Paul Klauser; Philipp S Baumann; Michel Cuenod; Patric Hagmann; Philippe Conus; Kim Q Do Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2018-11-19 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Michael Y Bai; David B Lovejoy; Gilles J Guillemin; Rouba Kozak; Trevor W Stone; Maju Mathew Koola Journal: Complex Psychiatry Date: 2021-02-08
Authors: Anthony O Ahmed; Samantha Kramer; Naama Hofman; John Flynn; Marie Hansen; Victoria Martin; Anilkumar Pillai; Peter F Buckley Journal: Neuropsychobiology Date: 2021-03-11 Impact factor: 2.328
Authors: Rodrigo R Nieto; Andrea Carrasco; Sebastian Corral; Rolando Castillo; Pablo A Gaspar; M Leonor Bustamante; Hernan Silva Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2021-06-16 Impact factor: 4.157