Maiara Zeni-Graiff1, Lucas B Rizzo2, Rodrigo B Mansur3, Pawan K Maurya4, Sumit Sethi5, Graccielle R Cunha1, Elson Asevedo1, Pedro Pan1, André Zugman1, Ana S Yamagata1, Cinthia Higuchi6, Rodrigo A Bressan6, Ary Gadelha1, Elisa Brietzke7. 1. Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Group on Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, São Paulo, Brazil. 2. Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Group on Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 3. Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 4. Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India. 5. Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. 6. Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. 7. Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Group on Behavioral and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: elisabrietzke@hotmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Immuno-inflammatory imbalances have been documented in schizophrenia, but very little is known about the immunological changes prior to the onset of disease. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to compare serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in young subjects at ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. METHODS: A total of 12 UHR and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) subjects were enrolled in this study. Clinical profile was assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS), Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I (SCID-I) or Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Serum interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were measured by flow cytometry using the Th1/Th2/Th17 cytometric bead array. RESULTS: Compared with the healthy control group, patients in UHR showed increased IL-6 levels (Z=-2.370, p=0.018) and decreased IL-17 levels in serum (Z=-1.959, p=0.050). Levels of IL-17 positively correlated to the values in GAF symptoms (rho=0.632, p=0.028). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that immunological imbalances could be present in the early stages of psychosis, including in at-risk stages. Future studies should replicate and expand these results.
BACKGROUND: Immuno-inflammatory imbalances have been documented in schizophrenia, but very little is known about the immunological changes prior to the onset of disease. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to compare serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in young subjects at ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. METHODS: A total of 12 UHR and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) subjects were enrolled in this study. Clinical profile was assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS), Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I (SCID-I) or Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Serum interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were measured by flow cytometry using the Th1/Th2/Th17 cytometric bead array. RESULTS: Compared with the healthy control group, patients in UHR showed increased IL-6 levels (Z=-2.370, p=0.018) and decreased IL-17 levels in serum (Z=-1.959, p=0.050). Levels of IL-17 positively correlated to the values in GAF symptoms (rho=0.632, p=0.028). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that immunological imbalances could be present in the early stages of psychosis, including in at-risk stages. Future studies should replicate and expand these results.
Authors: Milica M Borovcanin; Slavica Minic Janicijevic; Ivan P Jovanovic; Nevena M Gajovic; Milena M Jurisevic; Nebojsa N Arsenijevic Journal: Diagnostics (Basel) Date: 2020-11-10