Ryan D Edwards1, Willa D Brenowitz1, Elena Portacolone2, Ken E Covinsky3, Andrew Bindman4, M Maria Glymour1, Jacqueline M Torres1. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. 2. Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. 3. Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. 4. Phillip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: There is limited research on difficulties with activities of daily living (I/ADLs) among older adults living alone with cognitive impairment, including differences by race/ethnicity. METHODS: For U.S. Health and Retirement Study (2000-2014) participants aged 55+ living alone with cognitive impairment (4,666 individuals; 9,091 observations), we evaluated I/ADL difficulty and help. RESULTS: Among 4.3 million adults aged 55+ living alone with cognitive impairment, an estimated 46% reported an I/ADL difficulty; 72% reported not receiving help with an I/ADL. Women reported more difficulty than men. Compared to white women, black women were 22% more likely to report a difficulty without help, and Latina women were 36% more likely to report a difficulty with help. Among men, racial/ethnic differences in outcomes were not significant. Patterns of difficulty without help by race/ethnicity were similar among Medicaid beneficiaries. DISCUSSION: Findings call for targeted efforts to support older adults living alone with cognitive impairment.
INTRODUCTION: There is limited research on difficulties with activities of daily living (I/ADLs) among older adults living alone with cognitive impairment, including differences by race/ethnicity. METHODS: For U.S. Health and Retirement Study (2000-2014) participants aged 55+ living alone with cognitive impairment (4,666 individuals; 9,091 observations), we evaluated I/ADL difficulty and help. RESULTS: Among 4.3 million adults aged 55+ living alone with cognitive impairment, an estimated 46% reported an I/ADL difficulty; 72% reported not receiving help with an I/ADL. Women reported more difficulty than men. Compared to white women, black women were 22% more likely to report a difficulty without help, and Latina women were 36% more likely to report a difficulty with help. Among men, racial/ethnic differences in outcomes were not significant. Patterns of difficulty without help by race/ethnicity were similar among Medicaid beneficiaries. DISCUSSION: Findings call for targeted efforts to support older adults living alone with cognitive impairment.
Keywords:
CIND; activities of daily living; aging in place; dementia; disability; limitations; living arrangement; population-based study; service gaps
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