Michael Le Grande1, Ron Borland1, Hua-Hie Yong2, K Michael Cummings3, Ann McNeill4, Mary E Thompson5, Geoffrey T Fong6,7,8. 1. Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. 2. School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. 3. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. 4. National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. 5. Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON. 6. Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON. 7. School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON. 8. Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: To test whether urges to smoke and perceived addiction to smoking have independent predictive value for quit attempts and short-term quit success over and above the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI). AIMS AND METHODS: Data were from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Wave 1 (2016) and Wave 2 (2018) surveys. About 3661 daily smokers (daily vapers excluded) provided data in both waves. A series of multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association of each dependence measure on odds of making a quit attempt and at least 1-month smoking abstinence. RESULTS: Of the 3661 participants, 1594 (43.5%) reported a quit attempt. Of those who reported a quit attempt, 546 (34.9%) reported short-term quit success. Fully adjusted models showed that making quit attempts was associated with lower HSI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73 to 0.90, p < .001), stronger urges to smoke (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.20, p = .002), and higher perceived addiction to smoking (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.84, p = .008). Lower HSI (aOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.87, p < .001), weaker urges to smoke (aOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.95, p = .006), and lower perceived addiction to smoking (aOR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.91, p = .021) were associated with greater odds of short-term quit success. In both cases, overall R2 was around 0.5. CONCLUSIONS: The two additional dependence measures were complementary to HSI adding explanatory power to smoking cessation models, but variance explained remains small. IMPLICATIONS: Strength of urges to smoke and perceived addiction to smoking may significantly improve prediction of cessation attempts and short-term quit success over and above routinely assessed demographic variables and the HSI. Stratification of analyses by age group is recommended because the relationship between dependence measures and outcomes differs significantly for younger (aged 18-39) compared to older (aged older than 40) participants. Even with the addition of these extra measures of dependence, the overall variance explained in predicting smoking cessation outcomes remains very low. These measures can only be thought of as assessing some aspects of dependence. Current understanding of the factors that ultimately determine quit success remains limited.
INTRODUCTION: To test whether urges to smoke and perceived addiction to smoking have independent predictive value for quit attempts and short-term quit success over and above the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI). AIMS AND METHODS: Data were from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Wave 1 (2016) and Wave 2 (2018) surveys. About 3661 daily smokers (daily vapers excluded) provided data in both waves. A series of multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association of each dependence measure on odds of making a quit attempt and at least 1-month smoking abstinence. RESULTS: Of the 3661 participants, 1594 (43.5%) reported a quit attempt. Of those who reported a quit attempt, 546 (34.9%) reported short-term quit success. Fully adjusted models showed that making quit attempts was associated with lower HSI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73 to 0.90, p < .001), stronger urges to smoke (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.20, p = .002), and higher perceived addiction to smoking (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.84, p = .008). Lower HSI (aOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.87, p < .001), weaker urges to smoke (aOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.95, p = .006), and lower perceived addiction to smoking (aOR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.91, p = .021) were associated with greater odds of short-term quit success. In both cases, overall R2 was around 0.5. CONCLUSIONS: The two additional dependence measures were complementary to HSI adding explanatory power to smoking cessation models, but variance explained remains small. IMPLICATIONS: Strength of urges to smoke and perceived addiction to smoking may significantly improve prediction of cessation attempts and short-term quit success over and above routinely assessed demographic variables and the HSI. Stratification of analyses by age group is recommended because the relationship between dependence measures and outcomes differs significantly for younger (aged 18-39) compared to older (aged older than 40) participants. Even with the addition of these extra measures of dependence, the overall variance explained in predicting smoking cessation outcomes remains very low. These measures can only be thought of as assessing some aspects of dependence. Current understanding of the factors that ultimately determine quit success remains limited.
Authors: M E Thompson; G T Fong; D Hammond; C Boudreau; P Driezen; A Hyland; R Borland; K M Cummings; G B Hastings; M Siahpush; A M Mackintosh; F L Laux Journal: Tob Control Date: 2006-06 Impact factor: 7.552
Authors: Michael Ussher; Emma Beard; Gboyega Abikoye; Peter Hajek; Robert West Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl) Date: 2012-09-30 Impact factor: 4.530
Authors: Mirte Ag Kuipers; Timea Partos; Ann McNeill; Emma Beard; Anna B Gilmore; Robert West; Jamie Brown Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2019-06-25 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Michael Le Grande; Ron Borland; Hua-Hie Yong; Ann McNeill; Geoffrey Fong; K Michael Cummings Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2022-03-26 Impact factor: 5.825
Authors: Lauren Arancini; Ron Borland; Michael Le Grande; Mohammadreza Mohebbi; Seetal Dodd; Olivia M Dean; Michael Berk; Ann McNeill; Geoffrey T Fong; K Michael Cummings Journal: Addiction Date: 2021-03-23 Impact factor: 7.256
Authors: Ron Borland; Michael Le Grande; Bryan W Heckman; Geoffrey T Fong; Warren K Bickel; Jeff S Stein; Katherine A East; Peter A Hall; Kenneth Michael Cummings Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-01-06 Impact factor: 4.614