Tara S Rogers-Soeder1,2, Katherine E Peters3, Nancy E Lane1, James M Shikany4, Suzanne Judd5, Lisa Langsetmo6, Andrew R Hoffman7, William J Evans8,9, Peggy M Cawthon3. 1. Center for Musculoskeletal Health and Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento. 2. True Health Center for Functional Medicine, El Dorado Hills, California. 3. California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco. 4. Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham. 5. School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. 7. Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California. 8. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley. 9. Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We examined cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns, macronutrient intake, and measures of muscle mass and lean mass in older men. METHODS: Participants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort (n = 903; mean ± SD age 84.2 ± 4 years) completed brief Block food frequency questionnaires (May 2014-May 2016); factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. The D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method was used to measure muscle mass; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure appendicular lean mass (ALM). Generalized linear models were used to report adjusted means of outcomes by dietary pattern. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine associations between macronutrients and D3Cr muscle mass and DXA ALM. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, race, clinic site, education, depression, total energy intake, height, and percent body fat. RESULTS: Greater adherence to a Western dietary pattern (high factor loadings for red meat, fried foods, and high-fat dairy) was associated with higher D3Cr muscle mass (p-trend = .026). Adherence to the Healthy dietary pattern (high factor loadings for fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats) was not associated with D3Cr muscle mass or DXA ALM. Total protein (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.14) and nondairy animal protein (β = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.21) were positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass. Nondairy animal protein (β = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.11) was positively associated with DXA ALM. Associations with other macronutrients were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: Nondairy animal protein intake (within a Western dietary pattern and alone) was positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass in older men.
BACKGROUND: We examined cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns, macronutrient intake, and measures of muscle mass and lean mass in older men. METHODS: Participants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort (n = 903; mean ± SD age 84.2 ± 4 years) completed brief Block food frequency questionnaires (May 2014-May 2016); factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. The D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method was used to measure muscle mass; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure appendicular lean mass (ALM). Generalized linear models were used to report adjusted means of outcomes by dietary pattern. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine associations between macronutrients and D3Cr muscle mass and DXA ALM. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, race, clinic site, education, depression, total energy intake, height, and percent body fat. RESULTS: Greater adherence to a Western dietary pattern (high factor loadings for red meat, fried foods, and high-fat dairy) was associated with higher D3Cr muscle mass (p-trend = .026). Adherence to the Healthy dietary pattern (high factor loadings for fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats) was not associated with D3Cr muscle mass or DXA ALM. Total protein (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.14) and nondairy animal protein (β = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.21) were positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass. Nondairy animal protein (β = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.11) was positively associated with DXA ALM. Associations with other macronutrients were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: Nondairy animal protein intake (within a Western dietary pattern and alone) was positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass in older men.
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