Veronica A Murphy1, Mark D Shen2, Sun Hyung Kim3, Emil Cornea3, Martin Styner4, John H Gilmore5. 1. Curriculum in Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 2. Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 3. Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 4. Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 5. Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Electronic address: john_gilmore@med.unc.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Increased volume of extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid (EA-CSF) is associated with autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in young children. However, little is known about EA-CSF development in typically developing (TD) children or in children at risk for schizophrenia (SCZHR). METHODS: 3T magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained in TD children (n = 105) and in SCZHR children (n = 38) at 1 and 2 years of age. EA-CSF volume and several measures of brain structure were generated, including global tissue volumes, cortical thickness, and surface area. Cognitive and motor abilities at 1 and 2 years of age were assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. RESULTS: In the TD children, EA-CSF volume was positively associated with total brain volume, gray and white matter volumes, and total surface area at 1 and 2 years of age. In contrast, EA-CSF volume was negatively associated with average cortical thickness. Lower motor ability was associated with increased EA-CSF volume at 1 year of age. EA-CSF was not significantly increased in SCZHR children compared with TD children. CONCLUSIONS: EA-CSF volume is positively associated with overall brain size and cortical surface area but negatively associated with cortical thickness. Increased EA-CSF is associated with delayed motor development at 1 year of age, similar to studies of children at risk for autism, suggesting that increased EA-CSF may be an early biomarker of abnormal brain development in infancy. Infants in the SCZHR group did not exhibit significantly increased EA-CSF, suggesting that increased EA-CSF could be specific to neurodevelopmental disorders with an earlier onset, such as autism.
BACKGROUND: Increased volume of extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid (EA-CSF) is associated with autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in young children. However, little is known about EA-CSF development in typically developing (TD) children or in children at risk for schizophrenia (SCZHR). METHODS: 3T magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained in TD children (n = 105) and in SCZHR children (n = 38) at 1 and 2 years of age. EA-CSF volume and several measures of brain structure were generated, including global tissue volumes, cortical thickness, and surface area. Cognitive and motor abilities at 1 and 2 years of age were assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. RESULTS: In the TD children, EA-CSF volume was positively associated with total brain volume, gray and white matter volumes, and total surface area at 1 and 2 years of age. In contrast, EA-CSF volume was negatively associated with average cortical thickness. Lower motor ability was associated with increased EA-CSF volume at 1 year of age. EA-CSF was not significantly increased in SCZHR children compared with TD children. CONCLUSIONS:EA-CSF volume is positively associated with overall brain size and cortical surface area but negatively associated with cortical thickness. Increased EA-CSF is associated with delayed motor development at 1 year of age, similar to studies of children at risk for autism, suggesting that increased EA-CSF may be an early biomarker of abnormal brain development in infancy. Infants in the SCZHR group did not exhibit significantly increased EA-CSF, suggesting that increased EA-CSF could be specific to neurodevelopmental disorders with an earlier onset, such as autism.
Authors: Shaili C Jha; Kai Xia; Mihye Ahn; Jessica B Girault; Gang Li; Li Wang; Dinggang Shen; Fei Zou; Hongtu Zhu; Martin Styner; John H Gilmore; Rebecca C Knickmeyer Journal: Cereb Cortex Date: 2019-03-01 Impact factor: 5.357
Authors: Jeffrey J Iliff; Minghuan Wang; Yonghong Liao; Benjamin A Plogg; Weiguo Peng; Georg A Gundersen; Helene Benveniste; G Edward Vates; Rashid Deane; Steven A Goldman; Erlend A Nagelhus; Maiken Nedergaard Journal: Sci Transl Med Date: 2012-08-15 Impact factor: 17.956
Authors: Iris E Sommer; Carrie E Bearden; Edwin van Dellen; Elemi J Breetvelt; Sasja N Duijff; Kim Maijer; Therese van Amelsvoort; Lieuwe de Haan; Raquel E Gur; Celso Arango; Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja; Christiaan H Vinkers; Jacob As Vorstman Journal: NPJ Schizophr Date: 2016-03-09