Environmental risk assessment of E-waste in developing countries by using the modified-SIRA method.

Electronic waste (E-Waste) is a progressively increasing problem for all developing nations. Developing nations like Pakistan, India and China are well renowned for the business of e-waste recycling. With the current rudimentary techniques of recycling used in Pakistan, e-waste presents different risks to the environment and the society with nominal financial gain. The study looks to answer how the e-waste makes its way to Pakistan, what are the risks of the industry and how they affect the population of Pakistan. For this purpose, a method called Modified-Safety Improve Risk Assessment (Modified-SIRA) was used. Modified-SIRA has identified six risks which are a severe hazard to a developing nation such as Pakistan. Each individual risk has been quantified by assigning it with an individually calculated Total Risk Priority Number (TRPN). Furthermore, the risks have been prioritized by the use of Fuzzy-VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (FVIKOR) to assess their impact on the sustainability of the e-waste recycling industry. This study provides evidence that among various risks air pollution from the e-waste recycling process is a severe hazard to the population of a developing country like Pakistan. It further helps to highlight the fact that the population of a developing country tend to ignore e-waste emanating from their expanded use of electronics. Additionally, the present use of rudimentary and non-standardized techniques of material extraction does not possess the capability of sustainably financing the industry. The study further concludes as to which practices and methods can be applied to reduce the impacts and improve the overall sustainability of the industry.