Iris Xiaoxue Yin1,2, Irene Shuping Zhao3, May Lei Mei4, Edward Chin Man Lo1, Jinyao Tang5, Quanli Li6, Lok Yan So7, Chun Hung Chu1,2. 1. Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. 2. HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. 3. School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. 4. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. 5. Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. 6. School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China. 7. Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The first objective of this study was to prepare sodium fluoride (NaF) solution with various concentrations of polyethylene glycol-coated silver nanoparticles (PEG-AgNPs). The second objective was to study the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and the tooth-staining effect of the solution. METHODS: PEG-AgNPs were prepared via the one-step chemical reduction of silver acetate with thiolated polyethylene glycol. The PEG-AgNPs were characterized with ultraviolet-visible spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the PEG-AgNPs against Streptococcus mutans and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) were determined. The staining effect on dentin and enamel for the 2.5% NaF solutions with PEG-AgNPs at 12,800, 6400, 1600, and 400 ppm was investigated using digital spectrophotometry. The IC50 of the fluoridated silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans were measured. RESULTS: The PEG-AgNPs have an average diameter of 2.56±0.43 nm and showed excellent stability at high ionic strength (2.5% NaF) for 18 months. The IC50 of PEG-AgNPs against Streptococcus mutans was found to be 21.16±1.08 ppm silver, which was half of IC50 against HGF-1 cells (42.36±1.12 ppm), providing a working range to kill bacteria with no harm to human cells. The formulations with different concentrations of PEG-AgNPs showed no significant staining of teeth. Combining PEG-AgNPs with NaF significantly expanded the therapeutic window against Streptococcus mutans by reducing its IC50. CONCLUSION: A biocompatible solution of NaF with PEG-AgNPs was developed. Because it has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and no tooth-staining effect, it can be used as an anti-caries agent.
OBJECTIVES: The first objective of this study was to prepare sodium fluoride (NaF) solution with various concentrations of polyethylene glycol-coated silver nanoparticles (PEG-AgNPs). The second objective was to study the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and the tooth-staining effect of the solution. METHODS: PEG-AgNPs were prepared via the one-step chemical reduction of silver acetate with thiolated polyethylene glycol. The PEG-AgNPs were characterized with ultraviolet-visible spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the PEG-AgNPs against Streptococcus mutans and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) were determined. The staining effect on dentin and enamel for the 2.5% NaF solutions with PEG-AgNPs at 12,800, 6400, 1600, and 400 ppm was investigated using digital spectrophotometry. The IC50 of the fluoridated silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans were measured. RESULTS: The PEG-AgNPs have an average diameter of 2.56±0.43 nm and showed excellent stability at high ionic strength (2.5% NaF) for 18 months. The IC50 of PEG-AgNPs against Streptococcus mutans was found to be 21.16±1.08 ppm silver, which was half of IC50 against HGF-1 cells (42.36±1.12 ppm), providing a working range to kill bacteria with no harm to human cells. The formulations with different concentrations of PEG-AgNPs showed no significant staining of teeth. Combining PEG-AgNPs with NaF significantly expanded the therapeutic window against Streptococcus mutans by reducing its IC50. CONCLUSION: A biocompatible solution of NaF with PEG-AgNPs was developed. Because it has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and no tooth-staining effect, it can be used as an anti-caries agent.
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