| Literature DB >> 32435065 |
Berthold Bein1, Martin Bachmann2, Susanne Huggett3, Petra Wegermann4.
Abstract
COVID-19, a new viral disease affecting primarily the respiratory system and the lung, has caused a pandemic posing serious challenges to healthcare systems around the world. In about 20% of patients, severe symptoms occur after a mean incubation period of 5 - 6 days; 5% of patients need intensive care therapy. Mortality is about 1 - 2%. Protecting healthcare workers is of paramount importance in order to prevent hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, during all procedures associated with aerosol production, personal protective equipment consisting of a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used. Therapy is based on established recommendations issued for patients with acute lung injury (ARDS). Lung protective ventilation, prone position, restrictive fluid management and adequate management of organ failure are the mainstays of therapy. In case of fulminant lung failure, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used as a rescue in experienced centres. New, experimental therapies are evolving with ever increasing frequency; currently, however, no evidence-based recommendation is possible. If off-label and compassionate use of these drugs is considered, an individual benefit-risk assessment is necessary, since serious side effects have been reported.Entities:
Keywords: COVID-19; N95 respiratory masks; SARS-CoV-2; acute lung injury; adult respiratory distress syndrome; critical care; personal protection equipment
Year: 2020 PMID: 32435065 PMCID: PMC7234827 DOI: 10.1055/a-1156-3991
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Table 1 Classification of symptoms and severity in persons with COVID-19 (data from 18 ).
| Severity | Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Mild (outpatient/ normal ward) | Fever |
| Severe (IMC = intermediate care) | Dyspnoea |
| Critically ill (ICU = intensive care unit) | Lung failure |
Fig. 1Summary of clinical recommendations to treat COVID-19 patients [data from: Alhazzani W, Moller MH, Arabi YM et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (in press). doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06022-5 ].
Fig. 2Treatment algorithm for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency caused by COVID-19 [data from: Alhazzani W, Moller MH, Arabi YM et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (in press). doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06022-5 ].
Tab. 1 Einteilung von Symptomen und Schweregrad bei an COVID-19 Erkrankten (Daten aus 18 ).
| Schweregrad | Symptome |
|---|---|
| leicht (ambulant/ Normalstation) | Fieber |
| schwer (IMC = intermediate Care) | Dyspnoe |
| kritisch krank (ITS = Intensivstation) | Lungenversagen |
Abb. 1Zusammenfassung der klinischen Handlungsempfehlungen für COVID-19-Patienten [Daten aus: Alhazzani W, Moller MH, Arabi YM et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (in press). doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06022-5 ].
Abb. 2Therapiealgorithmus für Patienten mit akuter hypoxämischer respiratorischer Insuffizienz als Folge von COVID-19 [Daten aus: Alhazzani W, Moller MH, Arabi YM et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (in press). doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06022-5 ].