Behzad Nasseri1,2,3, Mustafa Turk4, Kemal Kosemehmetoglu5, Murat Kaya2, Erhan Piskin1, Navid Rabiee6, Thomas J Webster7. 1. Chemical Engineering Department, Bioengineering Division and Bioengineering Centre, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey. 2. Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Department, Atilim University, Ankara 06830, Turkey. 3. Bioscience Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 4. Bioengineering Department, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey. 5. Department of Pathology, Hacettepe Medical Science University, Ankara, Turkey. 6. Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 7. Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The development of highly efficient nanoparticles to convert light to heat for anti-cancer applications is quite a challenging field of research. METHODS: In this study, we synthesized unique pimpled gold nanospheres (PGNSs) for plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT). The light-to-heat conversion capability of PGNSs and PPTT damage at the cellular level were investigated using a tissue phantom model. The ability of PGNSs to induce robust cellular damage was studied during cytotoxicity tests on colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) and fibroblast cell lines. Further, a numerical model of plasmonic (COMSOL Multiphysics) properties was used with the PPTT experimental assays. RESULTS: A low cytotoxic effect of thiolated polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG400-SH-) was observed which improved the biocompatibility of PGNSs to maintain 89.4% cell viability during cytometry assays (in terms of fibroblast cells for 24 hrs at a concentration of 300 µg/mL). The heat generated from the nanoparticle-mediated phantom models resulted in ΔT=30°C, ΔT=23.1°C and ΔT=21°C for the PGNSs, AuNRs, and AuNPs, respectively (at a 300 µg/mL concentration and for 325 sec). For the in vitro assays of PPTT on cancer cells, the PGNS group induced a 68.78% lethality (apoptosis) on DLD-1 cells. Fluorescence microscopy results showed the destruction of cell membranes and nuclei for the PPTT group. Experiments further revealed a penetration depth of sufficient PPTT damage in a physical tumor model after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining through pathological studies (at depths of 2, 3 and 4 cm). Severe structural damages were observed in the tissue model through an 808-nm laser exposed to the PGNSs. CONCLUSION: Collectively, such results show much promise for the use of the present PGNSs and photothermal therapy for numerous anti-cancer applications.
BACKGROUND: The development of highly efficient nanoparticles to convert light to heat for anti-cancer applications is quite a challenging field of research. METHODS: In this study, we synthesized unique pimpled gold nanospheres (PGNSs) for plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT). The light-to-heat conversion capability of PGNSs and PPTT damage at the cellular level were investigated using a tissue phantom model. The ability of PGNSs to induce robust cellular damage was studied during cytotoxicity tests on colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) and fibroblast cell lines. Further, a numerical model of plasmonic (COMSOL Multiphysics) properties was used with the PPTT experimental assays. RESULTS: A low cytotoxic effect of thiolated polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG400-SH-) was observed which improved the biocompatibility of PGNSs to maintain 89.4% cell viability during cytometry assays (in terms of fibroblast cells for 24 hrs at a concentration of 300 µg/mL). The heat generated from the nanoparticle-mediated phantom models resulted in ΔT=30°C, ΔT=23.1°C and ΔT=21°C for the PGNSs, AuNRs, and AuNPs, respectively (at a 300 µg/mL concentration and for 325 sec). For the in vitro assays of PPTT on cancer cells, the PGNS group induced a 68.78% lethality (apoptosis) on DLD-1 cells. Fluorescence microscopy results showed the destruction of cell membranes and nuclei for the PPTT group. Experiments further revealed a penetration depth of sufficient PPTT damage in a physical tumor model after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining through pathological studies (at depths of 2, 3 and 4 cm). Severe structural damages were observed in the tissue model through an 808-nm laser exposed to the PGNSs. CONCLUSION: Collectively, such results show much promise for the use of the present PGNSs and photothermal therapy for numerous anti-cancer applications.
Authors: Chenchen Bao; Nicolas Beziere; Pablo del Pino; Beatriz Pelaz; Giovani Estrada; Furong Tian; Vasilis Ntziachristos; Jesus M de la Fuente; Daxiang Cui Journal: Small Date: 2012-09-24 Impact factor: 13.281
Authors: Jacques Ferlay; Isabelle Soerjomataram; Rajesh Dikshit; Sultan Eser; Colin Mathers; Marise Rebelo; Donald Maxwell Parkin; David Forman; Freddie Bray Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2014-10-09 Impact factor: 7.396