eBreCaP: extreme learning-based model for breast cancer survival prediction.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Breast cancer research is focused towards its early prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. Breast cancer can be predicted on omics profiles, clinical tests, and pathological images. The omics profiles comprise of genomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic profiles that are available as high-dimensional datasets. Survival prediction is carried out on omics data to predict early the onset of disease, relapse, reoccurrence of diseases, and biomarker identification. The early prediction of breast cancer is desired for the effective treatment of patients as delay can aggravate the staging of cancer. In this study, extreme learning machine (ELM) based model for breast cancer survival prediction named eBreCaP is proposed. It integrates the genomic (gene expression, copy number alteration, DNA methylation, protein expression) and pathological image datasets; and trains them using an ensemble of ELM with the six best-chosen models suitable to be applied on integrated data. eBreCaP has been evaluated on nine performance parameters, namely sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient, area under curve, area under precision-recall, hazard ratio, and concordance Index. eBreCaP has achieved an accuracy of 85% for early breast cancer survival prediction using the ensemble of ELM with gradient boosting.