Collin J Harlan1, Zhan Xu1, Keith A Michel1,2, Christopher M Walker1, Sanjaya D Lokugama3,4, Gary V Martinez1, Mark D Pagel2,3, James A Bankson1,2. 1. Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. 2. The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. 3. Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. 4. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate offers unprecedented new insight into disease and response to therapy. 13 C-enriched reference standards are required to enable fast and accurate calibration for 13 C studies, but care must be taken to ensure that the reference is compatible with both 13 C and 1 H acquisitions. The goal of this study was to optimize the composition of a 13 C-urea reference for a dual-tuned 13 C/1 H endorectal coil and minimize imaging artifacts in metabolic and multiparametric MRI studies involving hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate. METHODS: Due to a high amount of Gd doping for the purpose of reducing the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1 ) of urea, the 1 H signal produced by a reference of 13 C-urea in normal water was rapidly relaxed, resulting in severe artifacts in heavily T1 -weighted images. Hyperintense ringing artifacts in 1 H images were mitigated by reducing the 1 H concentration in a 13 C-urea reference via deuteration and lyophilization. Several references were fabricated and their SNR was compared using 1 H and 13 C imaging sequences on a 3T MRI scanner. Finally, 1 H prostate phantom imaging was conducted to compare image quality and 1 H signal intensity of normal and deuterated urea references. RESULTS: The deuterated 13 C-urea reference provides strong 13 C signal for calibration and an attenuated 1 H signal that does not interfere with heavily T1 -weighted scans. Deuteration and lyophilization were fundamental to the reduction in 1 H signal and hyperintense ringing artifacts. There was a 25-fold reduction in signal intensity when comparing the nondeuterated reference to the deuterated reference, while the 13 C signal was unaffected. CONCLUSION: A deuterated reference reduced hyperintense ringing artifacts in 1 H images by reducing the 1 H signal produced from the 13 C-urea in the reference. The deuterated reference can be used to improve anatomical image quality in future clinical 1 H and hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate MRI prostate imaging studies.
PURPOSE: Metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate offers unprecedented new insight into disease and response to therapy. 13 C-enriched reference standards are required to enable fast and accurate calibration for 13 C studies, but care must be taken to ensure that the reference is compatible with both 13 C and 1 H acquisitions. The goal of this study was to optimize the composition of a 13 C-urea reference for a dual-tuned 13 C/1 H endorectal coil and minimize imaging artifacts in metabolic and multiparametric MRI studies involving hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate. METHODS: Due to a high amount of Gd doping for the purpose of reducing the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1 ) of urea, the 1 H signal produced by a reference of 13 C-urea in normal water was rapidly relaxed, resulting in severe artifacts in heavily T1 -weighted images. Hyperintense ringing artifacts in 1 H images were mitigated by reducing the 1 H concentration in a 13 C-urea reference via deuteration and lyophilization. Several references were fabricated and their SNR was compared using 1 H and 13 C imaging sequences on a 3T MRI scanner. Finally, 1 H prostate phantom imaging was conducted to compare image quality and 1 H signal intensity of normal and deuteratedurea references. RESULTS: The deuterated 13 C-urea reference provides strong 13 C signal for calibration and an attenuated 1 H signal that does not interfere with heavily T1 -weighted scans. Deuteration and lyophilization were fundamental to the reduction in 1 H signal and hyperintense ringing artifacts. There was a 25-fold reduction in signal intensity when comparing the nondeuterated reference to the deuterated reference, while the 13 C signal was unaffected. CONCLUSION: A deuterated reference reduced hyperintense ringing artifacts in 1 H images by reducing the 1 H signal produced from the 13 C-urea in the reference. The deuterated reference can be used to improve anatomical image quality in future clinical 1 H and hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate MRI prostate imaging studies.
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