Lisa M Shank1,2,3,4, M Katy Higgins Neyland1,2,3, Jason M Lavender1,2,3, Rachel Schindler1,2,3, Senait Solomon2,5,6, Kathrin Hennigan1,2,3, William Leu5, Natasha A Schvey4,5, Tracy Sbrocco5, Sarah Jorgensen7, Mark Stephens8, Cara H Olsen9, Mark Haigney1,2, David A Klein10,11, Jeffrey Quinlan10, Jack A Yanovski4, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff1,2,4,5. 1. Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 2. Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 3. Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas, USA. 4. Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 5. Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 6. The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 7. Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA. 8. Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA. 9. Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 10. Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 11. Malcolm Grow Medical Clinics and Surgery Center, Joint Base Andrews, Maryland, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome in adolescence has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. Preliminary data suggest that boys may have worsened metabolic syndrome components compared to girls. Yet, little is known about the physical health of military dependents, a potentially at-risk population. OBJECTIVE: Examine sex differences in metabolic syndrome components in a sample of adolescent military dependents. METHODS: Participants were adolescents (N = 139; 14.4 ± 1.6 years; 45.3% male; 41.0% non-Hispanic White, 19.4% non-Hispanic Black; BMI-z: 1.9 ± 0.4) at-risk for adult obesity and binge-eating disorder due to an age- and sex-adjusted BMI ≥85th percentile and loss-of-control eating and/or elevated anxiety. A multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to compare objectively measured metabolic syndrome components across boys and girls. Covariates were age, race, loss-of-control eating status, anxiety symptoms, and BMI-z. RESULTS: Metabolic syndrome components differed by sex (P = .01). Boys had higher systolic blood pressure (P = .049), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .01), and higher glucose (P = .001) than girls. Waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides did not differ between boys and girls (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Future research should prospectively examine these relationships into adulthood. If the current findings are supported, prevention programs should consider targeting cardiometabolic health particularly among male adolescent military dependents.
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome in adolescence has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. Preliminary data suggest that boys may have worsened metabolic syndrome components compared to girls. Yet, little is known about the physical health of military dependents, a potentially at-risk population. OBJECTIVE: Examine sex differences in metabolic syndrome components in a sample of adolescent military dependents. METHODS: Participants were adolescents (N = 139; 14.4 ± 1.6 years; 45.3% male; 41.0% non-Hispanic White, 19.4% non-Hispanic Black; BMI-z: 1.9 ± 0.4) at-risk for adult obesity and binge-eating disorder due to an age- and sex-adjusted BMI ≥85th percentile and loss-of-control eating and/or elevated anxiety. A multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to compare objectively measured metabolic syndrome components across boys and girls. Covariates were age, race, loss-of-control eating status, anxiety symptoms, and BMI-z. RESULTS: Metabolic syndrome components differed by sex (P = .01). Boys had higher systolic blood pressure (P = .049), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .01), and higher glucose (P = .001) than girls. Waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides did not differ between boys and girls (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Future research should prospectively examine these relationships into adulthood. If the current findings are supported, prevention programs should consider targeting cardiometabolic health particularly among male adolescent military dependents.
Authors: Marian Tanofsky-Kraff; Tracy Sbrocco; Kelly R Theim; L Adelyn Cohen; Eleanor R Mackey; Eric Stice; Jennifer L Henderson; Sarah J McCreight; Edny J Bryant; Mark B Stephens Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2013-09-05 Impact factor: 5.002
Authors: Marian Tanofsky-Kraff; Lauren B Shomaker; Denise E Wilfley; Jami F Young; Tracy Sbrocco; Mark Stephens; Sheila M Brady; Ovidiu Galescu; Andrew Demidowich; Cara H Olsen; Merel Kozlosky; James C Reynolds; Jack A Yanovski Journal: J Consult Clin Psychol Date: 2016-11-03
Authors: Kendrin R Sonneville; Nicholas J Horton; Nadia Micali; Ross D Crosby; Sonja A Swanson; Francesca Solmi; Alison E Field Journal: JAMA Pediatr Date: 2013-02 Impact factor: 16.193
Authors: William D Johnson; Jolanda J M Kroon; Frank L Greenway; Claude Bouchard; Donna Ryan; Peter T Katzmarzyk Journal: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med Date: 2009-04
Authors: Lauren B Shomaker; Marian Tanofsky-Kraff; Elizabeth A Stern; Rachel Miller; Jaclyn M Zocca; Sara E Field; Susan Z Yanovski; Van S Hubbard; Jack A Yanovski Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2011-09-12 Impact factor: 19.112