In Defense of Secondary Pharmaceutical Patents in Drug Discovery and Development.

"An important objective of modern pharmaceutical research is the discovery of new medical uses for known molecules" (UKSC 2018), a component of secondary pharmaceuticals. This Viewpoint's focus is the defense of the vulnerable strategy of secondary pharmaceutical patents (SPPs). Typical claims thereof are new medical uses, dosage, selection, and enatiomer patents. The attacks on secondary pharmaceuticals, including chiral switches, use negative-connotation terms, such as "evergreening", "product hopping", and "pejorative". Most enantiomer patents, including the controversial Nexium patents, were challenged in courts worldwide yet validated. This Viewpoint considers the "teaching away" defense of nonobviousness of Nexium enantiomer patents due to "unexpected results", applying stereochemistry principles. Physical organic chemistry arguments and the prediction of lower energy barriers of epimerization/racemization of benzylic anions of esomeprazole and dexlansoprazole (compared with their uncharged enantiomers) are a basis of the "teaching away". This prediction is verified by DFT computations. "Obvious to try" of many SPPs should not prevail over "unexpected results". A generalized concern about "evergreening" drugs should not be a justification for comprehensive attacks on SPPs. Following UKSC Lyrica decision (2018), plausibility, a condition of patent validity, may enter the arena of enantiomer patents, claiming second medical uses. Secondary pharmaceutical dosage, selection, improvement, and enantiomer patents are not necessarily obvious.