Wunan Zhou1,2, Jenifer M Brown3, Navkaranbir S Bajaj4, Alvin Chandra5, Sanjay Divakaran3, Brittany Weber2, Courtney F Bibbo2, Jon Hainer2, Viviany R Taqueti2,3, Sharmila Dorbala2,3, Ron Blankstein2,3, Dale Adler3, Patrick O'Gara3, Marcelo F Di Carli2,3. 1. Cardiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. 2. Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. 3. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. 4. Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. 5. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Abstract
AIMS: Hypertension is a well-established heart failure (HF) risk factor, especially in the context of adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling. We aimed to use myocardial flow reserve (MFR) and global longitudinal strain (GLS), markers of subclinical microvascular and myocardial dysfunction, to refine hypertensive HF risk assessment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive patients undergoing symptom-prompted stress cardiac positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography and transthoracic echocardiogram within 90 days without reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<40%) or flow-limiting coronary artery disease (summed stress score ≥ 3) were included. Global MFR was quantified by PET, and echocardiograms were retrospectively analysed for cardiac structure and function. Patients were followed over a median 8.75 (Q1-3 4.56-10.04) years for HF hospitalization and a composite of death, HF hospitalization, MI, or stroke. Of 194 patients, 155 had adaptive LV remodelling while 39 had maladaptive remodelling, which was associated with lower MFR and impaired GLS. Across the remodelling spectrum, diastolic parameters, GLS, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were independently associated with MFR. Maladaptive LV remodelling was associated with increased adjusted incidence of HF hospitalization and death. Importantly, the combination of abnormal MFR and GLS was associated with a higher rate of HF hospitalization compared to normal MFR and GLS [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 3.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-9.45, P = 0.034), including in the adaptive remodelling subset (adjusted HR 3.93, 95% CI 1.14-13.56, P = 0.030). CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated important associations between coronary microvascular dysfunction and myocardial mechanics that refine disease characterization and HF risk assessment of patients with hypertension based on subclinical target organ injury. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
AIMS: Hypertension is a well-established heart failure (HF) risk factor, especially in the context of adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling. We aimed to use myocardial flow reserve (MFR) and global longitudinal strain (GLS), markers of subclinical microvascular and myocardial dysfunction, to refine hypertensive HF risk assessment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive patients undergoing symptom-prompted stress cardiac positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography and transthoracic echocardiogram within 90 days without reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<40%) or flow-limiting coronary artery disease (summed stress score ≥ 3) were included. Global MFR was quantified by PET, and echocardiograms were retrospectively analysed for cardiac structure and function. Patients were followed over a median 8.75 (Q1-3 4.56-10.04) years for HF hospitalization and a composite of death, HF hospitalization, MI, or stroke. Of 194 patients, 155 had adaptive LV remodelling while 39 had maladaptive remodelling, which was associated with lower MFR and impaired GLS. Across the remodelling spectrum, diastolic parameters, GLS, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were independently associated with MFR. Maladaptive LV remodelling was associated with increased adjusted incidence of HF hospitalization and death. Importantly, the combination of abnormal MFR and GLS was associated with a higher rate of HF hospitalization compared to normal MFR and GLS [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 3.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-9.45, P = 0.034), including in the adaptive remodelling subset (adjusted HR 3.93, 95% CI 1.14-13.56, P = 0.030). CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated important associations between coronary microvascular dysfunction and myocardial mechanics that refine disease characterization and HF risk assessment of patients with hypertension based on subclinical target organ injury. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
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