Laurena Holleran1, Sinead Kelly1, Clara Alloza1, Ingrid Agartz1, Ole A Andreassen1, Celso Arango1, Nerisa Banaj1, Vince Calhoun1, Dara Cannon1, Vaughan Carr1, Aiden Corvin1, David C Glahn1, Ruben Gur1, Elliot Hong1, Cyril Hoschl1, Fleur M Howells1, Anthony James1, Joost Janssen1, Peter Kochunov1, Stephen M Lawrie1, Jingyu Liu1, Covadonga Martinez1, Colm McDonald1, Derek Morris1, David Mothersill1, Christos Pantelis1, Fabrizio Piras1, Steven Potkin1, Paul E Rasser1, David Roalf1, Laura Rowland1, Theodore Satterthwaite1, Ulrich Schall1, Gianfranco Spalletta1, Filip Spaniel1, Dan J Stein1, Anne Uhlmann1, Aristotle Voineskos1, Andrew Zalesky1, Theo G M van Erp1, Jessica A Turner1, Ian J Deary1, Paul M Thompson1, Neda Jahanshad1, Gary Donohoe1. 1. School of Psychology, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway (Holleran, Cannon, McDonald, Morris, Mothersill, Donohoe); Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey (Kelly, Thompson, Jahanshad); Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (Alloza, Lawrie); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid (Alloza, Arango, Janssen, Martinez); NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (Agartz); Department of Psychiatry, Ullevål University Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo (Andreassen); Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome (Banaj, Piras, Spalletta); Mind Research Network and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Calhoun); Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney (Carr); Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin (Corvin); Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Glahn); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Gur, Roalf, Satterthwaite); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Hong, Kochunov, Rowland); National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic (Hoschl, Spaniel); Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health (Howells, Stein, Uhlmann) and Neuroscience Institute (Howells, Stein), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Highfield Unit, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, U.K. (James); Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, N.Mex. (Liu); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis, Zalesky); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine (Potkin); Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research (Schall, Rasser) and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia (Rasser); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Spalletta); Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Voineskos); Department of Biomedical Engineering and Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Zalesky); Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine (van Erp); Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Turner); and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (Deary).
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia has recently been associated with widespread white matter microstructural abnormalities, but the functional effects of these abnormalities remain unclear. Widespread heterogeneity of results from studies published to date preclude any definitive characterization of the relationship between white matter and cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Given the relevance of deficits in cognitive function to predicting social and functional outcomes in schizophrenia, the authors carried out a meta-analysis of available data through the ENIGMA Consortium, using a common analysis pipeline, to elucidate the relationship between white matter microstructure and a measure of general cognitive performance, IQ, in patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants. METHODS: The meta-analysis included 760 patients with schizophrenia and 957 healthy participants from 11 participating ENIGMA Consortium sites. For each site, principal component analysis was used to calculate both a global fractional anisotropy component (gFA) and a fractional anisotropy component for six long association tracts (LA-gFA) previously associated with cognition. RESULTS: Meta-analyses of regression results indicated that gFA accounted for a significant amount of variation in cognition in the full sample (effect size [Hedges' g]=0.27, CI=0.17-0.36), with similar effects sizes observed for both the patient (effect size=0.20, CI=0.05-0.35) and healthy participant groups (effect size=0.32, CI=0.18-0.45). Comparable patterns of association were also observed between LA-gFA and cognition for the full sample (effect size=0.28, CI=0.18-0.37), the patient group (effect size=0.23, CI=0.09-0.38), and the healthy participant group (effect size=0.31, CI=0.18-0.44). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides robust evidence that cognitive ability is associated with global structural connectivity, with higher fractional anisotropy associated with higher IQ. This association was independent of diagnosis; while schizophrenia patients tended to have lower fractional anisotropy and lower IQ than healthy participants, the comparable size of effect in each group suggested a more general, rather than disease-specific, pattern of association.
OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia has recently been associated with widespread white matter microstructural abnormalities, but the functional effects of these abnormalities remain unclear. Widespread heterogeneity of results from studies published to date preclude any definitive characterization of the relationship between white matter and cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Given the relevance of deficits in cognitive function to predicting social and functional outcomes in schizophrenia, the authors carried out a meta-analysis of available data through the ENIGMA Consortium, using a common analysis pipeline, to elucidate the relationship between white matter microstructure and a measure of general cognitive performance, IQ, in patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants. METHODS: The meta-analysis included 760 patients with schizophrenia and 957 healthy participants from 11 participating ENIGMA Consortium sites. For each site, principal component analysis was used to calculate both a global fractional anisotropy component (gFA) and a fractional anisotropy component for six long association tracts (LA-gFA) previously associated with cognition. RESULTS: Meta-analyses of regression results indicated that gFA accounted for a significant amount of variation in cognition in the full sample (effect size [Hedges' g]=0.27, CI=0.17-0.36), with similar effects sizes observed for both the patient (effect size=0.20, CI=0.05-0.35) and healthy participant groups (effect size=0.32, CI=0.18-0.45). Comparable patterns of association were also observed between LA-gFA and cognition for the full sample (effect size=0.28, CI=0.18-0.37), the patient group (effect size=0.23, CI=0.09-0.38), and the healthy participant group (effect size=0.31, CI=0.18-0.44). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides robust evidence that cognitive ability is associated with global structural connectivity, with higher fractional anisotropy associated with higher IQ. This association was independent of diagnosis; while schizophrenia patients tended to have lower fractional anisotropy and lower IQ than healthy participants, the comparable size of effect in each group suggested a more general, rather than disease-specific, pattern of association.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cognition; ENIGMA; Intelligence; Meta-Analysis; Schizophrenia; White Matter
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