BACKGROUNDS: The aim of the research was to investigate the factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients, to distinguish the complex relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and different cognitive status. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-seven type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were enrolled in our study. We adopted the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) to evaluate the cognitive function. Firstly, cognition status was classified into dementia and non-dementia according to MMSE and CDR. Patients with non-dementia were further classified into mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition status based on MOCA. The factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 297 T2DM subjects, 47 were enrolled in the dementia group and 174 in the MCI group according to a battery of cognitive function tests, presenting a prevalence of 15.8% and 58.6% respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, and education level, waist circumference and DR were risk factors for dementia (OR: 1.057, P=0.011; OR: 2.197, P=0.040). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was a risk factor for MCI (OR: 1.635, P=0.047), while age at T2DM onset and moderate drinking were protective factors for MCI (OR: 0.936, P=0.044; OR: 0.289, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: MCI is common in T2DM patients. Waist circumference and DR are risk factors of dementia, LDL-C is a risk factor for MCI, and moderate drinking and age at T2DM onset are protective factors for MCI. DR is unrelated to MCI in T2DM. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.
BACKGROUNDS: The aim of the research was to investigate the factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients, to distinguish the complex relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and different cognitive status. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-seven type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were enrolled in our study. We adopted the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) to evaluate the cognitive function. Firstly, cognition status was classified into dementia and non-dementia according to MMSE and CDR. Patients with non-dementia were further classified into mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition status based on MOCA. The factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 297 T2DM subjects, 47 were enrolled in the dementia group and 174 in the MCI group according to a battery of cognitive function tests, presenting a prevalence of 15.8% and 58.6% respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, and education level, waist circumference and DR were risk factors for dementia (OR: 1.057, P=0.011; OR: 2.197, P=0.040). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was a risk factor for MCI (OR: 1.635, P=0.047), while age at T2DM onset and moderate drinking were protective factors for MCI (OR: 0.936, P=0.044; OR: 0.289, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: MCI is common in T2DM patients. Waist circumference and DR are risk factors of dementia, LDL-C is a risk factor for MCI, and moderate drinking and age at T2DM onset are protective factors for MCI. DR is unrelated to MCI in T2DM. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.
Authors: Michael A Collins; Edward J Neafsey; Kenneth J Mukamal; Mary O Gray; Dale A Parks; Dipak K Das; Ronald J Korthuis Journal: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Date: 2008-11-19 Impact factor: 3.455
Authors: Ronald C Petersen; Oscar Lopez; Melissa J Armstrong; Thomas S D Getchius; Mary Ganguli; David Gloss; Gary S Gronseth; Daniel Marson; Tamara Pringsheim; Gregory S Day; Mark Sager; James Stevens; Alexander Rae-Grant Journal: Neurology Date: 2017-12-27 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Rebecca K West; Ramit Ravona-Springer; Anthony Heymann; James Schmeidler; Derek Leroith; Keren Koifman; Ryan C N D'Arcy; Xiaowei Song; Elizabeth Guerrero-Berroa; Rachel Preiss; Hadas Hoffman; Mary Sano; Jeremy M Silverman; Michal Schnaider-Beeri Journal: Alzheimers Dement Date: 2016-05-02 Impact factor: 21.566
Authors: Stefan L C Geijselaers; Simone J S Sep; Coen D A Stehouwer; Geert Jan Biessels Journal: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol Date: 2014-08-24 Impact factor: 32.069