BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Small polyps are occasionally missed during colonoscopy. This study was conducted to validate the diagnostic performance of a polyp-detection algorithm to alert endoscopists to unrecognized lesions. METHODS: A computer-aided detection (CADe) algorithm was developed based on convolutional neural networks using training data from 1991 still colonoscopy images from 283 subjects with adenomatous polyps. The CADe algorithm was evaluated on a validation dataset including 50 short videos with 1-2 polyps (3.5 ± 1.5 mm, range 2-8 mm) and 50 videos without polyps. Two expert colonoscopists and two physicians in training separately read the same videos, blinded to the presence of polyps. The CADe algorithm was also evaluated using eight full videos with polyps and seven full videos without a polyp. RESULTS: The per-video sensitivity of CADe for polyp detection was 88% and the per-frame false-positive rate was 2.8%, with a confidence level of ≥30%. The per-video sensitivity of both experts was 88%, and the sensitivities of the two physicians in training were 84% and 76%. For each reader, the frames with missed polyps appearing on short videos were significantly less than the frames with detected polyps, but no trends were observed regarding polyp size, morphology or color. For full video readings, per-polyp sensitivity was 100% with a per-frame false-positive rate of 1.7%, and per-frame specificity of 98.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of CADe to detect small polyps was almost equivalent to experts and superior to physicians in training. A clinical trial using CADe is warranted.
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Small polyps are occasionally missed during colonoscopy. This study was conducted to validate the diagnostic performance of a polyp-detection algorithm to alert endoscopists to unrecognized lesions. METHODS: A computer-aided detection (CADe) algorithm was developed based on convolutional neural networks using training data from 1991 still colonoscopy images from 283 subjects with adenomatous polyps. The CADe algorithm was evaluated on a validation dataset including 50 short videos with 1-2 polyps (3.5 ± 1.5 mm, range 2-8 mm) and 50 videos without polyps. Two expert colonoscopists and two physicians in training separately read the same videos, blinded to the presence of polyps. The CADe algorithm was also evaluated using eight full videos with polyps and seven full videos without a polyp. RESULTS: The per-video sensitivity of CADe for polyp detection was 88% and the per-frame false-positive rate was 2.8%, with a confidence level of ≥30%. The per-video sensitivity of both experts was 88%, and the sensitivities of the two physicians in training were 84% and 76%. For each reader, the frames with missed polyps appearing on short videos were significantly less than the frames with detected polyps, but no trends were observed regarding polyp size, morphology or color. For full video readings, per-polyp sensitivity was 100% with a per-frame false-positive rate of 1.7%, and per-frame specificity of 98.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of CADe to detect small polyps was almost equivalent to experts and superior to physicians in training. A clinical trial using CADe is warranted.