Raymond Pranata1, Rachel Vania1, Alexander Edo Tondas2, Budhi Setianto3, Anwar Santoso3. 1. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia. 2. Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia. 3. Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Air pollution is one of the most substantial problems globally. Aerodynamic toxic of particulate matter with <10 mm in diameter (PM10 ), or <2.5 mm (PM2.5 ), as well as nitric dioxide (NO2 ), have been linked with health issues. We aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis of the time-to-event for different types of air pollutants on cardiovascular disease (CVD) events based on cohort studies. METHODS: A comprehensive search on topics that assesses air pollution and cardiovascular disease with keywords up until July 2019 was performed. RESULTS: There were a total of 28 215 394 subjects from 84 cohorts. Increased PM2.5 was associated with composite CVD [HR 1.10 (1.02, 1.19)], acute coronary events [HR 1.15 (1.12, 1.17)], stroke [HR 1.13 (1.06, 1.19)], and hypertension [HR 1.07 (1.01, 1.14)], all-cause mortality [HR 1.07 (1.04, 1.09)], CVD mortality [HR 1.10 (1.07, 1.12)], and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality [HR 1.11 (1.07, 1.16)]. Association with AF became significant after removal of a study. Increased PM10 was associated with heart failure [HR 1.25 (1.04, 1.50)], all-cause mortality [HR 1.16 (1.06, 1.27)], CVD mortality [HR 1.17 (1.04, 1.30)], and IHD mortality [HR 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)]. Increased of NO2 was associated with increased composite CVD [HR 1.15 (1.02, 1.29)], atrial fibrillation [HR 1.01 (1.01, 1.02)], acute coronary events [HR 1.08 (1.02, 1.13)], all-cause mortality [HR 1.23 (1.14, 1.32)], CVD mortality [HR 1.17 (1.10, 1.25)], and IHD mortality [HR 1.05 (1.03, 1.08)]. CONCLUSION: Air pollutants are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, all-cause mortality, and CVD mortality.
OBJECTIVE: Air pollution is one of the most substantial problems globally. Aerodynamic toxic of particulate matter with <10 mm in diameter (PM10 ), or <2.5 mm (PM2.5 ), as well as nitric dioxide (NO2 ), have been linked with health issues. We aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis of the time-to-event for different types of air pollutants on cardiovascular disease (CVD) events based on cohort studies. METHODS: A comprehensive search on topics that assesses air pollution and cardiovascular disease with keywords up until July 2019 was performed. RESULTS: There were a total of 28 215 394 subjects from 84 cohorts. Increased PM2.5 was associated with composite CVD [HR 1.10 (1.02, 1.19)], acute coronary events [HR 1.15 (1.12, 1.17)], stroke [HR 1.13 (1.06, 1.19)], and hypertension [HR 1.07 (1.01, 1.14)], all-cause mortality [HR 1.07 (1.04, 1.09)], CVD mortality [HR 1.10 (1.07, 1.12)], and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality [HR 1.11 (1.07, 1.16)]. Association with AF became significant after removal of a study. Increased PM10 was associated with heart failure [HR 1.25 (1.04, 1.50)], all-cause mortality [HR 1.16 (1.06, 1.27)], CVD mortality [HR 1.17 (1.04, 1.30)], and IHD mortality [HR 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)]. Increased of NO2 was associated with increased composite CVD [HR 1.15 (1.02, 1.29)], atrial fibrillation [HR 1.01 (1.01, 1.02)], acute coronary events [HR 1.08 (1.02, 1.13)], all-cause mortality [HR 1.23 (1.14, 1.32)], CVD mortality [HR 1.17 (1.10, 1.25)], and IHD mortality [HR 1.05 (1.03, 1.08)]. CONCLUSION: Air pollutants are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, all-cause mortality, and CVD mortality.
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