Jeff Kammerman1, Andrew D Hahn1, Robert V Cadman1, Annelise Malkus1, David Mummy2,3, Sean B Fain1,4,5. 1. Department of Medical Physics, Univsersity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. 2. Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. 3. Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. 4. Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. 5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The MR properties (chemical shifts and R 2 ∗ decay rates) of dissolved-phase hyperpolarized (HP) 129 Xe are confounded by the large magnetic field inhomogeneity present in the lung. This work improves measurements of these properties using a model-based image reconstruction to characterize the R 2 ∗ decay rates of dissolved-phase HP 129 Xe in healthy subjects and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). METHODS: Whole-lung MRS and 3D radial MRI with four gradient echoes were performed after inhalation of HP 129 Xe in healthy subjects and patients with IPF. A model-based image reconstruction formulated as a regularized optimization problem was solved iteratively to measure regional signal intensity in the gas, barrier, and red blood cell (RBC) compartments, while simultaneously measuring their chemical shifts and R 2 ∗ decay rates. RESULTS: The estimation of spectral properties reduced artifacts in images of HP 129 Xe in the gas, barrier, and RBC compartments and improved image SNR by over 20%. R 2 ∗ decay rates of the RBC and barrier compartments were lower in patients with IPF compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively) and correlated to DLCO (R = 0.71 and 0.64, respectively). Chemical shift of the RBC component measured with whole-lung spectroscopy was significantly different between IPF and normal subjects (P = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Estimates for R 2 ∗ in both barrier and RBC dissolved-phase HP 129 Xe compartments using a regional signal model improved image quality for dissolved-phase images and provided additional biomarkers of lung injury in IPF.
PURPOSE: The MR properties (chemical shifts and R 2 ∗ decay rates) of dissolved-phase hyperpolarized (HP) 129 Xe are confounded by the large magnetic field inhomogeneity present in the lung. This work improves measurements of these properties using a model-based image reconstruction to characterize the R 2 ∗ decay rates of dissolved-phase HP 129 Xe in healthy subjects and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). METHODS: Whole-lung MRS and 3D radial MRI with four gradient echoes were performed after inhalation of HP 129 Xe in healthy subjects and patients with IPF. A model-based image reconstruction formulated as a regularized optimization problem was solved iteratively to measure regional signal intensity in the gas, barrier, and red blood cell (RBC) compartments, while simultaneously measuring their chemical shifts and R 2 ∗ decay rates. RESULTS: The estimation of spectral properties reduced artifacts in images of HP 129 Xe in the gas, barrier, and RBC compartments and improved image SNR by over 20%. R 2 ∗ decay rates of the RBC and barrier compartments were lower in patients with IPF compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively) and correlated to DLCO (R = 0.71 and 0.64, respectively). Chemical shift of the RBC component measured with whole-lung spectroscopy was significantly different between IPF and normal subjects (P = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Estimates for R 2 ∗ in both barrier and RBC dissolved-phase HP 129 Xe compartments using a regional signal model improved image quality for dissolved-phase images and provided additional biomarkers of lung injury in IPF.
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