Erin Hessey1,2, Sylvie Perreault3, Louise Roy4, Marc Dorais5, Susan Samuel6, Véronique Phan7, Jean-Philippe Lafrance8,9, Michael Zappitelli10,11. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada. 2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 3. Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 4. Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada. 5. StatSciences Inc, Notre-Dame-de-l'Île-Perrot, Québec, Canada. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada. 8. Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Québec, Canada. 9. Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada. 10. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada. michael.zappitelli@sickkids.ca. 11. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, 6th floor, Room 06.9708, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. michael.zappitelli@sickkids.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To develop a pediatric-specific hypertension algorithm using administrative data and use it to evaluate the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hypertension diagnosis 5 years post-discharge. METHODS: Two-center retrospective cohort study of children (≤ 18 years old) admitted to the pediatric ICU in Montreal, Canada, between 2003 and 2005 and followed until 2010. Patients with a valid healthcare number and without end-stage renal disease were included. Patients who could not be merged with the provincial database, did not survive admission, underwent cardiac surgery, had pre-existing renal disease associated with hypertension or a prior diagnosis of hypertension were excluded. AKI defined using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition. Using diagnostic codes and medications from administrative data, novel pediatric-specific hypertension definitions were designed. Both the evaluation of the prevalence of hypertension diagnosis and the association between AKI and hypertension occurred. RESULTS: Nineteen hundred and seventy eight patients were included (median age at admission [interquartile range] 4.3 years [1.1-11.8], 44% female, 325 (16.4%) developed AKI). Of these patients, 130 (7%) had a hypertension diagnosis 5 years after discharge. Patients with AKI had a higher prevalence of hypertension diagnosis [non-AKI: 84/1653 (5.1%) vs. AKI: 46/325 (14.2%), p < .001]. Children with AKI had a higher adjusted risk of hypertension diagnosis (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.19 [1.47-3.26]). CONCLUSIONS: Children admitted to the ICU have a high prevalence of hypertension post-discharge and children with AKI have over two times higher risk of hypertension compared to those with no AKI.
BACKGROUND: To develop a pediatric-specific hypertension algorithm using administrative data and use it to evaluate the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hypertension diagnosis 5 years post-discharge. METHODS: Two-center retrospective cohort study of children (≤ 18 years old) admitted to the pediatric ICU in Montreal, Canada, between 2003 and 2005 and followed until 2010. Patients with a valid healthcare number and without end-stage renal disease were included. Patients who could not be merged with the provincial database, did not survive admission, underwent cardiac surgery, had pre-existing renal disease associated with hypertension or a prior diagnosis of hypertension were excluded. AKI defined using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition. Using diagnostic codes and medications from administrative data, novel pediatric-specific hypertension definitions were designed. Both the evaluation of the prevalence of hypertension diagnosis and the association between AKI and hypertension occurred. RESULTS: Nineteen hundred and seventy eight patients were included (median age at admission [interquartile range] 4.3 years [1.1-11.8], 44% female, 325 (16.4%) developed AKI). Of these patients, 130 (7%) had a hypertension diagnosis 5 years after discharge. Patients with AKI had a higher prevalence of hypertension diagnosis [non-AKI: 84/1653 (5.1%) vs. AKI: 46/325 (14.2%), p < .001]. Children with AKI had a higher adjusted risk of hypertension diagnosis (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.19 [1.47-3.26]). CONCLUSIONS:Children admitted to the ICU have a high prevalence of hypertension post-discharge and children with AKI have over two times higher risk of hypertension compared to those with no AKI.
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