Hester Jaspers Faijer-Westerink1, André Pascal Kengne2, Karlijn A C Meeks3, Charles Agyemang4. 1. Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 2. Non-communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa. 3. Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: k.a.meeks@amsterdamumc.nl. 4. Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: c.o.agyemang@amsterdamumc.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There are rising levels of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a precursor of these conditions, but the data on the prevalence of MS in SSA are fragmented. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of MS in SSA and determine the population groups that are most at risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and African Journals Online for all published articles reporting MS prevalence in SSA populations. Random effects models were used to calculate the pooled prevalence overall and by major study-level characteristics. A total of 65 studies across fourteen different countries comprising 34,324 healthy participants aged ≥16 years were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of MS according to the different diagnostic criteria was: IDF: 18.0% (95%CI:13.3-23.3), IDF-ethnic: 16.0% (95%CI:11.3-21.4), JIS: 23.9% (95%CI: 16.5-32.3), NCEP-ATP III: 17.1% (95%CI:12.8-22.0) and WHO: 11.1% (95%CI:5.3-18.9). The prevalence of MS was higher in women than in men, and higher in (semi-)urban than in rural participants. The MS prevalence was highest in Southern Africa, followed by Eastern, Western and Central Africa. Substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence estimates across studies were not explained by major study-level characteristics, while apparent publication biases were likely artefactual. CONCLUSIONS: MS is not rare in SSA. The prevalence of MS was highest for women, populations in urban areas, and populations in Southern Africa. Public health intervention efforts are needed to prevent further increases in the burden of MS in the region. Published by Elsevier B.V.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There are rising levels of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a precursor of these conditions, but the data on the prevalence of MS in SSA are fragmented. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of MS in SSA and determine the population groups that are most at risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and African Journals Online for all published articles reporting MS prevalence in SSA populations. Random effects models were used to calculate the pooled prevalence overall and by major study-level characteristics. A total of 65 studies across fourteen different countries comprising 34,324 healthy participants aged ≥16 years were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of MS according to the different diagnostic criteria was: IDF: 18.0% (95%CI:13.3-23.3), IDF-ethnic: 16.0% (95%CI:11.3-21.4), JIS: 23.9% (95%CI: 16.5-32.3), NCEP-ATP III: 17.1% (95%CI:12.8-22.0) and WHO: 11.1% (95%CI:5.3-18.9). The prevalence of MS was higher in women than in men, and higher in (semi-)urban than in rural participants. The MS prevalence was highest in Southern Africa, followed by Eastern, Western and Central Africa. Substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence estimates across studies were not explained by major study-level characteristics, while apparent publication biases were likely artefactual. CONCLUSIONS:MS is not rare in SSA. The prevalence of MS was highest for women, populations in urban areas, and populations in Southern Africa. Public health intervention efforts are needed to prevent further increases in the burden of MS in the region. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Authors: Grzegorz Józef Nowicki; Barbara Ślusarska; Katarzyna Naylor; Andrzej Prystupa; Ewa Rudnicka-Drożak; Ulyana Halyuk; Petro Pokotylo Journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Date: 2021-05-06 Impact factor: 3.168
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